springcloud getway

getway

网关作用–无网关

网关作用–有网关

网关作用–鉴权认证

网关应用–灰度发布

蓝绿发布

A/B Test

金丝雀发布/灰度发布

网关技术选型

openResty

zuul

gateway

gateway实战

gateway maven配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.muse</groupId>
    <artifactId>gateway-sample</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>gateway-sample</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis-reactive</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

</project>

yml配置文件

server:
  port: 8088
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: path_routeHeaderRoutePredicateFactory
          uri: http://localhost:8080 #访问地址
          predicates:
            - Path=/gateway/** #路径匹配
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1 #StripPrefix参数表示在将请求发送到下游之前从请求中剥离的路径个数。如果我们设置StripPrefix=2时，当通过网关向/gateway/bar/foo发出请求时，对nameservice的请求将类似于/foo。

gateway架构原理

Predicate

before 匹配日期之前可以访问

#【指定时间规则匹配路由】
#在2023-01-01 00:00:00之前访问的请求，都会转到http://localhost:8080，即：http://localhost:8088/say会转发到http://localhost:8080/say
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: before_route
          uri: http://localhost:8080
          predicates:
            - Before=2025-01-01T00:00:00.000+08:00

after 匹配日期之后可以访问

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: after_route
          uri: http://localhost:8080
          predicates:
            - After=2021-01-01T00:00:00.000+08:00

cookie 必须含有指定cookie才能访问

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: cookie_route
          uri: http://localhost:8080
          predicates:
            - Cookie=chocolate, mic

header 需要包含头部信息才能访问

#【指定Header规则匹配路由】
#请求配置Header(key=X-Request-Id value=1) 请求http://localhost:8088/say会转发到http://localhost:8080/say
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: header_route
          uri: http://localhost:8080
          predicates:
            - Header=X-Request-Id, \d+

host指定的Host才能访问

#【指定Host规则匹配路由】
#请求配置Header(Host:www.muse.com) 请求http://localhost:8088/say会转发到http://localhost:8080/say
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: host_route
          uri: http://localhost:8080
          predicates:
            - Host=**.muse.com

method对应的请求方式才能访问

#【请求方法匹配路由】
# 请求POST http://localhost:8088/shout会转发http://localhost:8080/shout。请求GET http://localhost:8088/say 会报"404 Not Found"
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: method_route
          uri: http://localhost:8080 #访问地址
          predicates:
            - Method=POST

path 对应的path才能转发

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: path_routeHeaderRoutePredicateFactory
          uri: http://localhost:8080 #访问地址
          predicates:
            - Path=/gateway/** #路径匹配
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1 #StripPrefix参数表示在将请求发送到下游之前从请求中剥离的路径个数。如果我们设置StripPrefix=2时，当通过网关向/gateway/bar/foo发出请求时，对nameservice的请求将类似于/foo。

filter的类型和实现方式

routeFilterFactory实战

parameter 给匹配到的请求添加parameter

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: add_request_parameter_route
          uri: http://localhost:8080 #访问地址
          predicates:
            - Path=/**
          filters:
            - AddRequestParameter=teacher, muse

header往header添加信息

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: add_response_header_route
          uri: http://localhost:8080 #访问地址
          predicates:
            - Path=/**
          filters:
            - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Teacher, Muse

rate-limit限流

#【添加限流过滤器】
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: request_ratelimiter_route
          uri: http://localhost:8080 #访问地址
          predicates:
            - Path=/**
          filters:
            - name: RequestRateLimiter
              args:
                redis-rate-limiter.replenishRate: 1 #令牌桶中令牌的填充速度，代表允许每秒执行的请求数
                redis-rate-limiter.burstCapacity: 1 #令牌桶的容量，也就是令牌桶最多能够容纳的令牌数。表示每秒用户最大能够执行的请求数量
redis:
  host: 127.0.0.1
  port: 6379

retry 发生错误重试

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: retry_route
          uri: http://localhost:8080
          predicates:
            - Path=/example/**
          filters:
            - name: Retry
              args:
                retries: 3 #请求重试次数，默认值是3
                status: 500 #HTTP请求返回的状态码，针对指定状态码进行重试。
            - StripPrefix=1

management

#【网关指标过滤器——GatewayMetricsFilter】
management:
  endpoint:
    gateway:
      enabled: true
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

可以访问localhost:8088/actuator/metrics/gateway.requests查看请求信息
localhost:8088/actuator/metrics为所有配置项

自定义filter

#【请求路径匹配路由——配置自定义过滤器】
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: define_filter
          uri: http://localhost:8080 #访问地址
          predicates:
            - Path=/gateway/** #路径匹配
          filters:
            - name: GpDefine #自定义过滤器的名字，即：GpDefineGatewayFilterFactory
              args:
                name: Gp_Mic #GpConfig.getName这个值
            - StripPrefix=1 #跳过前缀

gateway集成sentinel

关键代码

@Configuration
public class GatewayConfiguration {
    private final List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;
    private final ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer;

    public GatewayConfiguration(ObjectProvider<List<ViewResolver>> viewResolvers, ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer) {
        this.viewResolvers = viewResolvers.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList);
        this.serverCodecConfigurer = serverCodecConfigurer;
    }

    // 注入一个全局限流过滤器SentinelGatewayFilter
    @Bean
    @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
    public GlobalFilter sentinelGatewayFilter() {
        return new SentinelGatewayFilter();
    }

    // 注入限流异常处理器
    @Bean
    @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
    public SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler sentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler() {
        return new SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler(viewResolvers, serverCodecConfigurer);
    }

    // 初始化限流规则
    @PostConstruct
    public void doInit() {
        initGatewayRules();
    }

    /** Route维度限流 */
    private void initGatewayRules() {
        Set<GatewayFlowRule> rules = new HashSet<>();
        GatewayFlowRule gatewayFlowRule = new GatewayFlowRule("gateway-nacos-provider").setCount(1).setIntervalSec(1);
        rules.add(gatewayFlowRule);
        GatewayRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
    }
}