USACO Section1.2 Greedy Gift Givers 翻译&解题报告

Task 'gift1': Greedy Gift Givers

A group of NP (2 ≤ NP ≤ 10) uniquely named friends has decided to exchange gifts of money. Each of these friends might or might not give some money to some or all of the other friends (although some might be cheap and give to no one). Likewise, each friend might or might not receive money from any or all of the other friends. Your goal is to deduce how much more money each person receives than they give.

The rules for gift-giving are potentially different than you might expect. Each person goes to the bank (or any other source of money) to get a certain amount of money to give and divides this money evenly among all those to whom he or she is giving a gift. No fractional money is available, so dividing 7 among 2 friends would be 3 each for the friends with 1 left over – that 1 left over goes into the giver's "account". All the participants' gift accounts start at 0 and are decreased by money given and increased by money received.

In any group of friends, some people are more giving than others (or at least may have more acquaintances) and some people have more money than others.

对于一群要互送礼物的朋友,你要确定每个人送出的礼物比收到的多多少(and vice versa for those who view gift giving with cynicism). 在这一个问题中,每个人都准备了一些钱来送礼物,而这些钱将会被平均分给那些将收到他的礼物的人. 然而,在任何一群朋友中,有些人将送出较多的礼物(可能是因为有较多的朋友),有些人有准备了较多的钱. 给出一群朋友, 没有人的名字会长于 14 字符,给出每个人将花在送礼上的钱,和将收到他的礼物的人的列表, 请确定每个人收到的比送出的钱多的数目. 

Given:

• a group of friends, no one of whom has a name longer than 14 characters,
• the money each person in the group spends on gifts, and
• a (sub)list of friends to whom each person gives gifts,