列表推导式

列表推导式

列表推导式在逻辑上相当于一个循环，但是形式更加简洁，例如

>>> alist = [x for x in range(10)]
>>> alist
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

等价于

>>> alist = []
>>> for i in range(10):
...     alist.append(i)
... 
>>> alist
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> 

使用列表推导式实现嵌套列表的平铺

>>> alist = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
>>> blist = [num for elem in alist for num in elem]
>>> blist
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> 

等价于下列代码

>>> alist = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
>>> blist = []
>>> for l in alist:
...     for item in l:
...             blist.append(item)
... 
>>> blist
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> 

速度相比，第一种速度更快

过滤不符合条件的元素

例如，可以使用一行代码找出当前电脑内的Python文件

>>> import os
>python_file = [filename for filename in os.listdir('.') if filename.endswith('.py')]

例如，也可以用来筛选数据

>>> alist = [1,-3,4,5,-2]
>>> relust = [i for i in alist if i>0]
>>> relust
[1, 4, 5]
>>> 

例如，已知一个包含若干个学生成绩的字典，计算成绩最高分、最低分，平均分

>>> score = {'lihua':50,'wangwu':60,'zhangsan':66}
>>> h = max(score.values())
>>> l = min(score.values())
>>> v = float(sum(score.values()))/len(score)
>>> h
66
>>> l
50
>>> v
58.666666666666664
>>> h_man = [name for name,score in score.items() if score == h]
>>> h_man
['zhangsan']
>>> 

使用列表推导式查找列表中最大元素的位置

>>> from random import randint
>>> x = [randint(1,10) for i in range(20)]  #产生20个0到10的随机整数
>>> x
[5, 4, 7, 2, 4, 7, 9, 8, 9, 5, 2, 10, 5, 7, 3, 7, 2, 3, 3, 6]
>>> m = max(x)
>>> max_index = [index for index,value in enumerate(x) if value == m]
>>> max_index
[11]
>>> 

实现多个序列元素的任意组合

>>> alist = [1,2,3]
>>> blist = [3,1,4]
>>> clist = [(x,y) for x in alist for y in blist if x!=y]
>>> clist
[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]
>>> 

等价于

>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> b = [3,1,4]
>>> c = []
>>> for x in a:
...     for y in b:
...             if x!=y:c.append((x,y))
... 
>>> c
[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]
>>>