一，配置过程：
Laravel5读写分离配置比较简单，只需修改config/database.php，下面以MySQL数据库为例 内容如下 'mysql' => [
-
'read' => [ -
'host' => '192.168.1.1' -
], -
'write' => [ -
'host' => '196.168.1.2' -
], -
'driver' => 'mysql', -
'database' => 'database', -
'username' => 'root', -
'password' => '', -
'charset' => 'utf8', -
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci', -
'prefix' => '',
]
设置完毕之后，Laravel5默认将select的语句让read指定的数据库执行，insert/update/delete则交给write指定的数据库，达到读写分离的作用。 这些设置对原始查询raw queries，查询生成器query builder，以及对象映射 Eloquent 都生效。 官网解释如下： Sometimes you may wish to use one database connection for SELECT statements, and another for INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements. Laravel makes this a breeze, and the proper connections will always be used whether you are using raw queries, the query builder, or the Eloquent ORM
二，实现原理
Laravel5读写分离主要有两个过程: 第一步，根据database.php配置，创建写库和读库的链接connection 第二步，调用select时先判断使用读库还是写库，而insert/update/delete统一使用写库
三，源码分析：根据database.php配置，创建写库和读库的链接connection
主要文件：Illuminate/Database/Connectors/ConnectionFactory.php 来看看几个重要的函数：
1，判断database.php是否配置了读写分离数据库
-
/** -
* Establish a PDO connection based on the configuration. -
* -
* @param array $config -
* @param string $name -
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Connection -
*/ -
public function make(array $config, $name = null) -
{ -
$config = $this->parseConfig($config, $name); -
// 如果配置了读写分离，则同时创建读库和写库的链接 -
if (isset($config['read'])) { -
return $this->createReadWriteConnection($config); -
} -
// 如果没有配置，默认创建单个数据库链接 -
return $this->createSingleConnection($config); -
}
2，看看如何创建读库和写库的链接
-
/** -
* Create a single database connection instance. -
* -
* @param array $config -
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Connection -
*/ -
protected function createReadWriteConnection(array $config) -
{ -
// 获取写库的配置信息，并创建链接 -
$connection = $this->createSingleConnection($this->getWriteConfig($config)); -
// 创建读库的链接 -
return $connection->setReadPdo($this->createReadPdo($config)); -
}
3，多个读库会选择哪个呢
-
/** -
* Get the read configuration for a read / write connection. -
* -
* @param array $config -
* @return array -
*/ -
protected function getReadConfig(array $config) -
{ -
$readConfig = $this->getReadWriteConfig($config, 'read'); -
// 如果数组即多个读库，那么通过随机函数array_rand()挑一个，默认取第一个 -
if (isset($readConfig['host']) && is_array($readConfig['host'])) { -
$readConfig['host'] = count($readConfig['host']) > 1 -
? $readConfig['host'][array_rand($readConfig['host'])] -
: $readConfig['host'][0]; -
} -
return $this->mergeReadWriteConfig($config, $readConfig); -
}
4，写库也是随机选择的
-
/** -
* Get a read / write level configuration. -
* -
* @param array $config -
* @param string $type -
* @return array -
*/ -
protected function getReadWriteConfig(array $config, $type) -
{ -
// 如果多个，那么通过随机函数array_rand()挑一个 -
if (isset($config[$type][0])) { -
return $config[$type][array_rand($config[$type])]; -
} -
return $config[$type]; -
}
总结：
如图1所示，可以设置多个读库和多个写库，或者不同组合，比如一个写库两个读库
2，每次只创建一个读库链接和一个写库链接，从多个库中随机选择一个;
四，源码分析：调用选择时先判断使用读库还是写库，而插入/更新/删除统一使用写库
主要文件：Illuminate / Database / Connection.php看看几个重要的函数
1，选择函数根据第三个输入参数判断使用读库还是写库
-
/** -
* Run a select statement against the database. -
* -
* @param string $query -
* @param array $bindings -
* @param bool $useReadPdo -
* @return array -
*/ -
public function select($query, $bindings = [], $useReadPdo = true) -
{ -
return $this->run($query, $bindings, function ($me, $query, $bindings) use ($useReadPdo) { -
if ($me->pretending()) { -
return []; -
} -
// For select statements, we'll simply execute the query and return an array -
// of the database result set. Each element in the array will be a single -
// row from the database table, and will either be an array or objects. -
// 根据$useReadPdo参数，判断使用读库还是写库； -
// true使用读库，false使用写库；默认使用读库 -
$statement = $this->getPdoForSelect($useReadPdo)->prepare($query); -
$statement->execute($me->prepareBindings($bindings)); -
$fetchArgument = $me->getFetchArgument(); -
return isset($fetchArgument) ? -
$statement->fetchAll($me->getFetchMode(), $fetchArgument, $me->getFetchConstructorArgument()) : -
$statement->fetchAll($me->getFetchMode()); -
}); -
} -
/** -
* Get the PDO connection to use for a select query. -
* -
* @param bool $useReadPdo -
* @return \PDO -
*/ -
protected function getPdoForSelect($useReadPdo = true) -
{ -
// 根据$useReadPdo参数，选择PDO即判断使用读库还是写库； -
// true使用读库getReadPdo，false使用写库getPdo； -
return $useReadPdo ? $this->getReadPdo() : $this->getPdo(); -
}
2，插入/更新/删除统一使用写库
-
/** -
* Run an insert statement against the database. -
* -
* @param string $query -
* @param array $bindings -
* @return bool -
*/ -
public function insert($query, $bindings = []) -
{ -
return $this->statement($query, $bindings); -
} -
/** -
* Run an update statement against the database. -
* -
* @param string $query -
* @param array $bindings -
* @return int -
*/ -
public function update($query, $bindings = []) -
{ -
return $this->affectingStatement($query, $bindings); -
} -
/** -
* Run a delete statement against the database. -
* -
* @param string $query -
* @param array $bindings -
* @return int -
*/ -
public function delete($query, $bindings = []) -
{ -
return $this->affectingStatement($query, $bindings); -
} -
/** -
* Execute an SQL statement and return the boolean result. -
* -
* @param string $query -
* @param array $bindings -
* @return bool -
*/ -
public function statement($query, $bindings = []) -
{ -
return $this->run($query, $bindings, function ($me, $query, $bindings) { -
if ($me->pretending()) { -
return true; -
} -
$bindings = $me->prepareBindings($bindings); -
// 直接调用写库 -
return $me->getPdo()->prepare($query)->execute($bindings); -
}); -
} -
/** -
* Run an SQL statement and get the number of rows affected. -
* -
* @param string $query -
* @param array $bindings -
* @return int -
*/ -
public function affectingStatement($query, $bindings = []) -
{ -
return $this->run($query, $bindings, function ($me, $query, $bindings) { -
if ($me->pretending()) { -
return 0; -
} -
// For update or delete statements, we want to get the number of rows affected -
// by the statement and return that back to the developer. We'll first need -
// to execute the statement and then we'll use PDO to fetch the affected. -
// 直接调用写库 -
$statement = $me->getPdo()->prepare($query); -
$statement->execute($me->prepareBindings($bindings)); -
return $statement->rowCount(); -
}); -
}
总结：
1，getReadPdo（）获得读库链接，getPdo（）获得写库链接;
2，选择（）函数根据第三个参数判断使用读库还是写库;
五，强制使用写库
有时候，我们需要读写实时一致，写完数据库后，想马上读出来，那么读写都指定一个数据库即可。虽然Laravel5配置了读写分离，但也提供了另外的方法强制读写使用同一个数据库。
实现原理：上面$这个 - >选择（）时指定使用写库的链接，即第三个参数useReadPdo设置为假即可
有几个方法可实现1，调用方法DB :: table（'posts'） - > selectFromWriteConnection（'*'） - > where（'id'，$ id）;
源码解释：通过selectFromWriteConnection（）函数主要文件：Illuminate / Database / Connection.php
-
/** -
* Run a select statement against the database. -
* -
* @param string $query -
* @param array $bindings -
* @return array -
*/ -
public function selectFromWriteConnection($query, $bindings = []) -
{ -
， -
// 上面有解释$this->select()函数的第三个参数useReadPdod的意义 -
// 第三个参数是 false，所以 select 时会使用写库，而不是读库 -
return $this->select($query, $bindings, false); -
}
2，调用方法
用户:: onWriteConnection（） - >查找（$ ID）;
源码解释：通过onWriteConnection（）函数主要文件：Illuminate / Database / Eloquent / Model
-
/** -
* Begin querying the model on the write connection. -
* -
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder -
*/ -
public static function onWriteConnection() -
{ -
$instance = new static; -
// query builder 指定使用写库 -
return $instance->newQuery()->useWritePdo(); -
}
看看查询构建器如何指定使用写库主要文件：Illuminate / Database / Query / Builder
-
/** -
* Use the write pdo for query. -
* -
* @return $this -
*/ -
public function useWritePdo() -
{ -
// 指定使用写库，useWritePdo 为true -
$this->useWritePdo = true; -
return $this; -
} -
/** -
* Run the query as a "select" statement against the connection. -
* -
* @return array -
*/ -
protected function runSelect() -
{ -
// 执行select时，useWritePdo原值为true，这里取反，被改成false； -
// 即$this->select()函数第三个参数为false，所以使用写库； -
return $this->connection->select($this->toSql(), $this->getBindings(), ! $this->useWritePdo); -
}
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