数组05_旋转数组-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41729461/article/details/122615127

旋转数组

When traversing the matrix in the spiral order, at any time we follow one out of the following four directions: RIGHT DOWN LEFT UP. Suppose we are working on a 5 x 3 matrix as such:

0 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15

Imagine a cursor starts off at (0, -1), i.e. the position at ‘0’, then we can achieve the spiral order by doing the following:

Go right 5 times
Go down 2 times
Go left 4 times
Go up 1 times.
Go right 3 times
Go down 0 times -> quit

Notice that the directions we choose always follow the order ‘right->down->left->up’, and for horizontal movements, the number of shifts follows:{5, 4, 3}, and vertical movements follows {2, 1, 0}.

Thus, we can make use of a direction matrix that records the offset for all directions, then an array of two elements that stores the number of shifts for horizontal and vertical movements, respectively. This way, we really just need one for loop instead of four.

Another good thing about this implementation is that: If later we decided to do spiral traversal on a different direction (e.g. Counterclockwise), then we only need to change the Direction matrix; the main loop does not need to be touched.

vector<int> spiralOrder(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
    vector<vector<int> > dirs{{0, 1}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {-1, 0}}; //dirs的两个元素分别表示该移动方向 行下表与列下表的变化方式，如向右移动一步，ir=ir,ic = ic + 1;
    vector<int> res;
    int nr = matrix.size();     if (nr == 0) return res;
    int nc = matrix[0].size();  if (nc == 0) return res;
    
    vector<int> nSteps{nc, nr-1}; //表示某一个方向移动的步数， 如第一次水平方向移动5步，水平方向移动2步
    
    int iDir = 0;   // index of direction.移动的方向 右下左上
    int ir = 0, ic = -1;    // initial position
    while (nSteps[iDir%2]) {
        for (int i = 0; i < nSteps[iDir%2]; ++i) {
            ir += dirs[iDir][0]; ic += dirs[iDir][1];
            res.push_back(matrix[ir][ic]);
        }
        nSteps[iDir%2]--;
        iDir = (iDir + 1) % 4;
    }
    return res;
}