创建线程的方式

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-12 18:03:05 发布

执妄

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-12 18:03:05 发布

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分类专栏：多线程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41799736/article/details/110060840

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一、继承Thread类

打印

package threadclass;

/**
 * 创建线程方式一：继承Thread类，重写run()方法，调用start开启线程
 */
public class ThreadTest extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习---" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //main线程，主线程

        //创建一个线程对象
        ThreadTest threadTest = new ThreadTest();

        //调用start方法开启线程
        threadTest.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程---" + i);
        }
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

网图下载

package threadclass;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * 练习Thread，实现多线程同步下载图片
 */
public class ThreadTest2 extends Thread{

    private String url;  //网络图片地址
    private String name;   //保存的文件名

    public ThreadTest2(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载的文件名为:" + name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadTest2 t1 = new ThreadTest2("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201122211741480.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1Zml2ZQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center", "picture1");
        ThreadTest2 t2 = new ThreadTest2("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/202011241031514.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1Zml2ZQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center", "picture2");
        ThreadTest2 t3 = new ThreadTest2("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201124084813675.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1Zml2ZQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center", "picture3");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader {
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String url, String name) {
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常，downloader方法出现问题");
        }
    }
}

二、实现Runnable接口

package threadclass;

/**
 * 创建线程方式二：执行runnable接口实现类，调用start方法
 */
public class TheadTest3 implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习---" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建runnable接口实现类对象
        TheadTest3 theadTest3 = new TheadTest3();
        //创建线程对象，通过线程对象开启线程，代理
        new Thread(theadTest3).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程---" + i);
        }
    }
}

三、小结

继承Thread类
- 子类继承Thread类具备多线程能力
- 启动线程：子类对象.start()
- 不建议使用：避免OOP单继承局限性
实现Runnable接口
- 实现接口Runnable具有多线程能力
- 启动线程：传入目标对象+Thread对象.start()
- 推荐使用：避免单继承局限性，灵活方便，方便同一个对象被多个线程使用

package threadclass;

/**
 * 多个线程同时操作一个对象
 * 买火车票的例子
 * 发现问题：多个线程操作同一个对象时，线程不安全，数据紊乱
 */
public class ThreadTest4 implements Runnable{

    //票数
    private int ticketNums = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            if (ticketNums <= 0) {
                break;
            }
            //模拟延时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);   //延时200ms
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第"+(ticketNums--)+"张票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadTest4 ticket = new ThreadTest4();
        new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

package threadclass;

/**
 * 龟兔赛跑
 */
public class Race implements Runnable{

    //胜利者
    private static String winner;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
            //模拟兔子休息
            if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子") && i % 10 == 0) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //判断比赛是否结束
            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            //如果比赛结束了，就停止程序
            if (flag) {
                break;
            }

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "跑了" + i + "步");
        }
    }

    //判断是否完成比赛
    private boolean gameOver(int steps) {
        //判断是否有胜利者
        if (winner != null) {
            return true;
        } else {
            if (steps >= 100) {
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("Winner is " + winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();
        new Thread(race, "兔子").start();
        new Thread(race, "乌龟").start();
    }
}

四、实现Callable接口

实现Callable接口，需要返回值类型
重写call方法，需要抛出异常
创建目标对象
创建执行服务：ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1)
提交执行：Futureresult1 = ser.submit(t1)
获取结果：boolean r1 = result1.get()
关闭服务：ser.shutdownNow()

package callable;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import threadclass.ThreadTest2;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

/**
 * 线程创建方式三：实现Callable接口
 */
public class CallableTest implements Callable<Boolean> {
    private String url;  //网络图片地址
    private String name;   //保存的文件名

    public CallableTest(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public Boolean call() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载的文件名为:" + name);
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        CallableTest t1 = new CallableTest("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201122211741480.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1Zml2ZQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center", "picture1.jpg");
        CallableTest t2 = new CallableTest("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/202011241031514.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1Zml2ZQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center", "picture2.jpg");
        CallableTest t3 = new CallableTest("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201124084813675.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1Zml2ZQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center", "picture3.jpg");

        //创建执行服务
        ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //提交执行
        Future<Boolean> result1 = ser.submit(t1);
        Future<Boolean> result2 = ser.submit(t2);
        Future<Boolean> result3 = ser.submit(t3);

        //获取结果
        boolean r1 = result1.get();
        boolean r2 = result2.get();
        boolean r3 = result3.get();

        //关闭服务
        ser.shutdownNow();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader {
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String url, String name) {
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常，downloader方法出现问题");
        }
    }
}

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创建线程的方式

继承Thread类package threadclass;/** * 创建线程方式一：继承Thread类，重写run()方法，调用start开启线程 */public class ThreadTest extends Thread { @Override public void run() { //run方法线程体 for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) { System.out.println(
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