webpack手动配置react环境

通常我们会用脚手架create-react-app去创建react项目，但是，为了更加深入理解webpack打包工具以及react的相关知识，我们可以尝试自己配置webpack来实现react项目的搭建。

起步

我们首先创建一个初始化项目，然后生成一个package.json文件

npm init -y

这里给出我自己的package.json具体内容，方便大家不用遇见版本兼容的问题(因为我自己遇过，所以希望大家可以少走弯路)

{
  "name": "todolist",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "webpack serve --config webpack.dev.config.js ",
    "build": "webpack --config webpack.prod.config.js"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "clean-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
    "html-loader": "^2.1.2",
    "react": "^16.8.6",
    "react-dom": "^16.8.6",
    "react-router-dom": "^5.0.1"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/core": "^7.14.6",
    "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.14.5",
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.14.7",
    "@babel/preset-react": "^7.14.5",
    "autoprefixer": "^9.6.0",
    "babel-loader": "^8.2.2",
    "babel-polyfill": "^6.26.0",
    "css-loader": "^2.1.1",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^5.3.2",
    "less": "^3.9.0",
    "less-loader": "^5.0.0",
    "postcss-loader": "^3.0.0",
    "style-loader": "^0.23.1",
    "webpack": "^5.47.1",
    "webpack-cli": "^4.6.0",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^3.7.1",
    "webpack-merge": "^4.2.1"
  }
}

配置文件

为了区分webpack的模式，我们通常会将webpack.config.js文件拆分为3个部分，分别是webpack.base.config.js、webpack.dev.config.js、webpack.prod.config.js，其相对应的是公共配置、开发模式配置、生产模式配置，然后利用webpack-merge模块进行合并配置，文件具体内容如下：

const path = require('path');
const webpack = require('webpack')
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin')

module.exports = {
    entry: path.resolve(__dirname, './src/index.js'),
    output: {
        path: path.resolve(__dirname, './dist'),
        filename: 'main.js'
    },
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                use: {
                    loader: 'babel-loader'
                },
            },
            {
                test: /\.css$/,
                use: [
                    // 将css代码放到style标签中
                    'style-loader',
                    // 处理@import以及别的url资源
                    'css-loader',
                ]
            },
            {
                test: /\.html$/,
                use: [
                    {
                        loader: 'html-loader',
                    },
                ],
            }
        ]
    },
    plugins: [
        new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
            template: './public/index.html',
            filename: 'index.html'
        }),
        new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
        new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()
    ]
}
----------------------------
const baseConfig = require('./webpack.base.config')
const path = require('path')
const merge = require('webpack-merge');

module.exports = merge(baseConfig, {
    mode: 'development',
    devtool: 'source-map',
    // 配置服务端目录和端口
    devServer: {
        contentBase: path.resolve(__dirname, './dist'),
        port: 3000,
        open: true,
        // gzip压缩
        compress: true,
        hot: true,
        host: "127.168.132.1"
    }
})
--------------------------------
const baseConfig = require('./webpack.base.config')
const merge = require('webpack-merge');

module.exports = merge(baseConfig,{
    mode: 'production'
})

babel配置

因为babel解析react时需要用一个预设来先处理react代码，因此需要对babel进行一个处理，这里我提供一个基础版本，如有需要可以去网上自行查找更详细的配置信息。

.babelrc文件：
{
    "presets": [
        "@babel/preset-env",
        "@babel/preset-react"
    ]
}

页面效果

我们写一个简单的页面

index.js:
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import './style.css'
export default class Index extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                hello,webapck
            </div>
        )
    }
}

ReactDOM.render(<Index />, document.getElementById('root'));
-------------------------
style.css
body{
    background-color: cornflowerblue;
    color: red;
}

那么，接下来我们看看是否能成功展示页面。

---

这样，我们用webpack就可以实现一个简单的react项目配置，更多地配置着自己需求而定。

---

注意事项

1、需要注意版本问题，因为webpack与webpack-cli之间存在一个版本对应问题，如果遇见问题，可以去github或者StackOverflow上进行查找。