springboot使用过滤器，拦截器，监听器

一、过滤器的使用

1.写一个类继承Filter

@WebFilter(filterName="myFilter",urlPatterns={"/*"})
public class AMyFilter2 implements Filter{
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("==========初始化过滤器A");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("=======进入过滤器2a");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse); //放行过滤器
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

注意：拦截器执行的顺序与  filterName="myFilter" 的值有关，按字母排序

也可以通过@Order指定执行顺序，值越小，越先执行

2.启动类加上注解

@ServletComponentScan

---

 二、监听器的使用

1.写一个类继承ServletRequestListener

@WebListener
public class myListen1 implements ServletRequestListener {
    @Override
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {
        System.out.println("监听器1销毁");
    }

    @Override
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {
        System.out.println("监听器1初始化");

    }
}

2.启动类加上注解

@ServletComponentScan

三、拦截器的使用

1.写一个类继承HandlerInterceptor

@Component
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor{
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("======请求前拦截器");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("======请求后调用拦截器");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("=======拦截器,请求调用完成后回调方法，即在视图渲染完成后回调");
    }
}

2.写一个配置类注入拦截器

@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfigurer extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
    @Autowired
    MyInterceptor myInterceptor;
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        //注册拦截器 拦截规则
        //多个拦截器时 以此添加 执行顺序按添加顺序
        registry.addInterceptor(getHandlerInterceptor());
    }

    @Bean
    public static HandlerInterceptor getHandlerInterceptor() {
        return new MyInterceptor();
    }
}

观察过滤器，监听器，拦截器的请求顺序

=======监听器1初始化
2019-05-25 11:42:11.586  INFO 7536 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2019-05-25 11:42:11.586  INFO 7536 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2019-05-25 11:42:11.612  INFO 7536 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 26 ms
=======进入过滤器2a
=======进入过滤器
=======进入过滤器2
======请求前拦截器
测试
======请求后调用拦截器
=======拦截器,请求调用完成后回调方法，即在视图渲染完成后回调
=======监听器1销毁

四、总结

过滤器：用于属性甄别，对象收集（不可改变过滤对象的属性和行为）

监听器：用于对象监听，行为记录（不可改变监听对象的属性和行为）

拦截器：用于对象拦截，行为干预（可以改变拦截对象的属性和行为）