Struts2学习之实现Action

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于 2020-03-18 22:41:04 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41827511/article/details/104953215

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引言

Action是应用的核心，开发者需要提供大量的Action类并在struts.xml文件中配置Action。Action类包含了对用户请求的逻辑处理，Action类也被称为业务控制类。那么特使如何实现的呢？
首先先看代码

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String userName;
    private String pass;
    public String getUsername(){
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUser(String username) {
        userName = username;
    }

    public String getPassword(){
        return pass;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password){
        this.pass=password;
    }
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        if(getUsername().equals("aaa")&&getPassword().equals("aaa")){
            return SUCCESS;
        }else{
            return ERROR;
        }
    }
}

该Action类中含有两个请求参数 userName和pass;并且为其提供了setter和getter方法。其中execute()方法就是处理用户请求的逻辑控制方法。
该类不仅可以封装请求参数还可以封装处理结果。

Action接口和ActionSupport基类

Action接口

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//

package com.opensymphony.xwork2;

public interface Action {
    String SUCCESS = "success";
    String NONE = "none";
    String ERROR = "error";
    String INPUT = "input";
    String LOGIN = "login";

    String execute() throws Exception;
}

该接口的规范规定了Action类应该包含一个execute方法，该方法返回一个字符串。并且该接口定义了五个字符串常量，他们的作用是统一execute方法的返回值。

ActionSupport基类

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//

package com.opensymphony.xwork2;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Container;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Inject;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ValidationAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;

public class ActionSupport implements Action, Validateable, ValidationAware, TextProvider, LocaleProvider, Serializable {
    private static final Logger LOG = LogManager.getLogger(ActionSupport.class);
    private final ValidationAwareSupport validationAware = new ValidationAwareSupport();
    private transient TextProvider textProvider;
    private transient LocaleProvider localeProvider;
    protected Container container;

    public ActionSupport() {
    }
    //收集错误提示信息
    public void setActionErrors(Collection<String> errorMessages) {
        this.validationAware.setActionErrors(errorMessages);
    }
   //返回错误提示信息
    public Collection<String> getActionErrors() {
        return this.validationAware.getActionErrors();
    }
   //收集普通提示信息的方法
    public void setActionMessages(Collection<String> messages) {
        this.validationAware.setActionMessages(messages);
    }
//返回普通提示信息的方法
    public Collection<String> getActionMessages() {
        return this.validationAware.getActionMessages();
    }
//设置表单域校验错误信息
    public void setFieldErrors(Map<String, List<String>> errorMap) {
        this.validationAware.setFieldErrors(errorMap);
    }
//返回表单域校验错误信息
    public Map<String, List<String>> getFieldErrors() {
        return this.validationAware.getFieldErrors();
    }
//控制Locale 的相关信息
    public Locale getLocale() {
        return this.getLocaleProvider().getLocale();
    }

    public boolean isValidLocaleString(String localeStr) {
        return this.getLocaleProvider().isValidLocaleString(localeStr);
    }

    public boolean isValidLocale(Locale locale) {
        return this.getLocaleProvider().isValidLocale(locale);
    }

    public boolean hasKey(String key) {
        return this.getTextProvider().hasKey(key);
    }

    public String getText(String aTextName) {
        return this.getTextProvider().getText(aTextName);
    }
//返回国际化信息的方法
    public String getText(String aTextName, String defaultValue) {
        return this.getTextProvider().getText(aTextName, defaultValue);
    }

    public String getText(String aTextName, String defaultValue, String obj) {
        return this.getTextProvider().getText(aTextName, defaultValue, obj);
    }

    public String getText(String aTextName, List<?> args) {
        return this.getTextProvider().getText(aTextName, args);
    }

    public String getText(String key, String[] args) {
        return this.getTextProvider().getText(key, args);
    }

    public String getText(String aTextName, String defaultValue, List<?> args) {
        return this.getTextProvider().getText(aTextName, defaultValue, args);
    }

    public String getText(String key, String defaultValue, String[] args) {
        return this.getTextProvider().getText(key, defaultValue, args);
    }

    public String getText(String key, String defaultValue, List<?> args, ValueStack stack) {
        return this.getTextProvider().getText(key, defaultValue, args, stack);
    }

    public String getText(String key, String defaultValue, String[] args, ValueStack stack) {
        return this.getTextProvider().getText(key, defaultValue, args, stack);
    }

    public String getFormatted(String key, String expr) {
        Map<String, Object> conversionErrors = ActionContext.getContext().getConversionErrors();
        if (conversionErrors.containsKey(expr)) {
            String[] vals = (String[])((String[])conversionErrors.get(expr));
            return vals[0];
        } else {
            ValueStack valueStack = ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack();
            Object val = valueStack.findValue(expr);
            return this.getText(key, Arrays.asList(val));
        }
    }
//用于访问国际化资源包的方法
    public ResourceBundle getTexts() {
        return this.getTextProvider().getTexts();
    }

    public ResourceBundle getTexts(String aBundleName) {
        return this.getTextProvider().getTexts(aBundleName);
    }
//添加错误提示信息的方法
    public void addActionError(String anErrorMessage) {
        this.validationAware.addActionError(anErrorMessage);
    }
//添加普通提示信息的方法
    public void addActionMessage(String aMessage) {
        this.validationAware.addActionMessage(aMessage);
    }
//添加字段校验失败的错误信息
    public void addFieldError(String fieldName, String errorMessage) {
        this.validationAware.addFieldError(fieldName, errorMessage);
    }
//默认的input 方法，直接返回INPUT 字符串
    public String input() throws Exception {
        return "input";
    }
//默认的处理用户请求的方法， 直接返回SUCCESS 字符串
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        return "success";
    }

    public boolean hasActionErrors() {
        return this.validationAware.hasActionErrors();
    }

    public boolean hasActionMessages() {
        return this.validationAware.hasActionMessages();
    }

    public boolean hasErrors() {
        return this.validationAware.hasErrors();
    }

    public boolean hasFieldErrors() {
        return this.validationAware.hasFieldErrors();
    }

    public void clearFieldErrors() {
        this.validationAware.clearFieldErrors();
    }

    public void clearActionErrors() {
        this.validationAware.clearActionErrors();
    }

    public void clearMessages() {
        this.validationAware.clearMessages();
    }

    public void clearErrors() {
        this.validationAware.clearErrors();
    }
//清除所有错误信息的方法
    public void clearErrorsAndMessages() {
        this.validationAware.clearErrorsAndMessages();
    }
//包含空的输入校验方法
    public void validate() {
    }

    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

    public void pause(String result) {
    }

    protected TextProvider getTextProvider() {
        if (this.textProvider == null) {
            Container container = this.getContainer();
            TextProviderFactory tpf = (TextProviderFactory)container.getInstance(TextProviderFactory.class);
            this.textProvider = tpf.createInstance(this.getClass());
        }

        return this.textProvider;
    }

    protected LocaleProvider getLocaleProvider() {
        if (this.localeProvider == null) {
            Container container = this.getContainer();
            LocaleProviderFactory localeProviderFactory = (LocaleProviderFactory)container.getInstance(LocaleProviderFactory.class);
            this.localeProvider = localeProviderFactory.createLocaleProvider();
        }

        return this.localeProvider;
    }

    protected Container getContainer() {
        if (this.container == null) {
            this.container = ActionContext.getContext().getContainer();
            if (this.container != null) {
                boolean devMode = Boolean.parseBoolean((String)this.container.getInstance(String.class, "struts.devMode"));
                if (devMode) {
                    LOG.warn("Container is null, action was created manually? Fallback to ActionContext");
                } else {
                    LOG.debug("Container is null, action was created manually? Fallback to ActionContext");
                }
            } else {
                LOG.warn("Container is null, action was created out of ActionContext scope?!?");
            }
        }

        return this.container;
    }

    @Inject
    public void setContainer(Container container) {
        this.container = container;
    }
}

Action访问ServletAPI

Struts2提供了一个ActionContext类，从而使Action可以访问Servlet API
ActionContext类常用方法

  public Object get(String key) {
        return this.context.get(key);
    }//该方法类似于调用HtψServletRequest 的getAttribute(String name）方法

      public HttpParameters getParameters() {
        return (HttpParameters)this.get("com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext.parameters");
    }//获取所有的请求参数。类似于调HttpServletRequest 对象的getParameterMap （）方法。

   public static ActionContext getContext() {
        return (ActionContext)actionContext.get();
    }//静态方法，获取系统的ActionContext 实例。

  public Map<String, Object> getApplication() {
        return (Map)this.get("com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext.application");
    }//返回一个Map 对象，该对象模拟了该应用的ServletContext 实例。

  public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) {
        this.put("com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext.application", application);
    }
//直接传入一个Map 实例，将该Map 实例里的key- value 对转换成叩plication 的属性名、属性值。

  public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
        this.put("com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext.session", session);
    }
//直接传入一个Map 实例，将该Map 实例里的key-value 对转换成session 的属性名、属性值。

public Map<String, Object> getSession() {
        return (Map)this.get("com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext.session");
    }//返回一个Map 对象，该Map 对象模拟了HtφSession 实例。

实例

将在Action类中通过ActionContext访问Servlet API,向Action中示范向request，session和application范围设置属性值
修改LoginAction

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String userName;
    private String pass;
    public String getUsername(){
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUser(String username) {
        userName = username;
    }

    public String getPassword(){
        return pass;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password){
        this.pass=password;
    }
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        ActionContext ctx=ActionContext.getContext();
        Integer counter=(Integer)ctx.getApplication().get("counter");
        if(counter==null){
            counter=1;
        }else{
            counter+=1;
        }
        ctx.getApplication().put("counter",counter);
        ctx.getSession().put("user",getUsername());
        if(getUsername().equals("aaa")&&getPassword().equals("aaa")){
            ctx.put("tip","服务器提示：您已成功登录");
            return SUCCESS;
        }else{
            ctx.put("tip","服务器提示：登陆失败");
            return ERROR;
        }
    }
}

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: gao
  Date: 2020/3/12
  Time: 13:38
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
本站访问次数为：${applicationScope.counter}<br/>
${sessionScope.user},你已经登陆<br/>
${requestScope.tip}
</body>
</html>

如果这一遇到疑惑，请看上一篇
在这里插入图片描述

Action直接访问Servlet API

Struts2提供了ServletContextAware和ServletRequestAware和ServletResponseAware接口供其直接访问ServletAPI
修改LoginAction

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;

import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class LoginAction implements Action, ServletResponseAware {
    private String userName;
    private String pass;
    private HttpServletResponse response;
    public String getUsername(){
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUser(String username) {
        userName = username;
    }

    public String getPassword(){
        return pass;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password){
        this.pass=password;
    }
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        ActionContext ctx=ActionContext.getContext();
        Integer counter=(Integer)ctx.getApplication().get("counter");
        if(counter==null){
            counter=1;
        }else{
            counter+=1;
        }
        ctx.getApplication().put("counter",counter);
        ctx.getSession().put("user",getUsername());
        if(getUsername().equals("aaa")&&getPassword().equals("aaa")){
            try{
                Cookie c=new Cookie("user",getUsername());
                c.setMaxAge(60*60);
                response.addCookie(c);
            }catch (Exception e){
                System.out.println(e);
            }

            ctx.put("tip","服务器提示：您已成功登录");
            return SUCCESS;
        }else{
            ctx.put("tip","服务器提示：登陆失败");
            return ERROR;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void setServletResponse(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
        this.response=response;
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

使用ServletActionContext访问ServletAPI

在这里插入图片描述
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Struts2学习之实现Action

引言       Action是应用的核心，开发者需要提供大量的Action类并在struts.xml文件中配置Action。Action类包含了对用户请求的逻辑处理，Action类也被称为业务控制类。那么特使如何实现的呢？首先先看代码import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext...
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