2020-08-09

Python中使用Matplotlib绘图示例详解（2）--带标签的条形图

• 带标签的条形图

  import matplotlib 
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  import numpy as np
  labels=["G1","G2","G3","G4","G5"]
  men_means=[20,34,30,35,27]
  women_means=[25,32,34,20,25]
  
  x=np.arange(len(labels))#the label location
  width=0.35#the width of bars
  fig,ax=plt.subplots()
  rects1=ax.bar(x-width/2,men_means,width,label="Men")
  rects2=ax.bar(x+width/2,women_means,width,label="Women")
  #由于men和women总共占据一个width,所以为了美观，在bar中分别设置了x-width/2,x+width/2
  
  #add some text for labels,title and custom x-axis tick labels,etc
  ax.set_label("Scores")
  ax.set_title("Scores by group and gender")
  ax.set_xticks(x)
  #切记x是从0开始的
  #这里表示的设置标记的位置以及旋转等参数的设置，但是这里并不会显示具体标注的是什么
  ax.set_xticklabels(labels)
  #ax.set_xticklabels()设置的是标注的内容
  ax.legend()
  
  
  
  def autolabel(rects):
  	"""Attach a text label above each bar in *rects*,displaying its height"""
  	for rect in rects:
  		height=rect.get_height()
  		ax.annotate("{}".format(height),xy=(rect.get_x()+rect.get_width()/2,height),xytext=(0,3),#3 points vertical offset
  			textcoords="offset points",ha="center",va="bottom")
  autolabel(rects1)
  autolabel(rects2)
  #上述这个函数是标记图像上面的数值的
  fig.tight_layout()
  plt.show()