Python3 用类实现疏松向量（sparse vector）和稠密向量（dense vector）的运算

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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   File Name：     Expri5_Exercise2
   Description :
   Author :       Adminstrator
   date：          2019/5/28
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   Change Activity:
                   2019/5/28:
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"""
'''
Let's implement class which contain some vector functions. There are two types of
vectors, normal or dense vectors, which we can represent using lists. For sparse vectors,
where many of the elements are zero, this is inefficient. Instead, we use a dictionary
with keys the indices of non-zero values, and then the value corresponding to the key
is the value of the vector at that index. Hence, the vector [1; 2; 4] can be stored as a list:
[1, 2, 4] or as a dictionary {0:1, 1: 2, 2: 4}.
we would like to represent sparse and dense vectors as classes,