Bean的装配可以理解为依赖关系注入,Bean的装配方式即Bean依赖注入的方式
Bean的装配方式有3种,基于xml,基于注解Annotation,自动装配
1.基于xml装配
1.1设值注入
Spring实例化Bean的过程中,首先调用Bean的默认构造方法来实例化Bean,然后通过反射的方式调用setter方法来注入属性值。因此,设值注入要求Bean必须满足以下两点
Bean类必须提供一个默认的无参构造方法
Bean类必须为需要注入的属性提供对应的setter方法
设值注入在配置文件中使用<Bean>的子元素<property>来为每个属性注入值
1.2构造方法注入
Bean类需要提供一个带参构造方法
配置文件中使用的子元素来定义构造方法的参数。可以使用其属性来设置该参数的值
下面是基于xml装配的构造注入和设置注入例子
User.java
`package com.itheima.assemble;
import java.util.List;
public class User {
private String username;
private Integer password;
private List<String> list;
//用于构造注入
public User(String username,Integer password,List<String>list) {
super();
this.list=list;
this.password=password;
this.username=username;
}
//用于设值注入
public User() {super();}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public void setPassword(Integer password) {
this.password = password;
}
public void setList(List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public String toString() {
return "User [username="+username+",password="+password+",list="+list+"]";
}
}`
bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 使用构造注入方式装配User实例 -->
<!-- constructor-arg用于定义构造方法的参数,index表示构造方法的索引 -->
<bean id="user1" class="com.itheima.assemble.User">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="tom"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1" value="123456"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<list>
<value>"constructorvalue1"</value>
<value>"constructorvalue2"</value>
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- property用于调用setter方法 -->
<bean id="user2" class="com.itheima.assemble.User">
<property name="username" value="张三"></property>
<property name="password" value="654321"></property>
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>"setlistvalue1"</value>
<value>"setlistvalue2"</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
2.基于注解的装配Annotation
@Component 可以使用此注解描述Spring中的Bean,但他是一个泛化的概念,仅仅表示一个组件(Bean) 可以作用在任何层
@Repository 功能与Component相同 Dao层 @Service
功能与Component相同 Service层 @Contorller
功能与Component相同 控制层
@Autowired
用于对Bean的属性变量,属性的setter方法及构造方法进行标注,配合对应的注解处理器完成Bean的自动配置工作,默认按照Bean的类型进行装配
@Resource 作用与Autowired一样,区别在于Resource默认按照Bean的实例名称进行装配
UserDao.java
package com.itheima.annotation;
public interface UserDao {
public void save();
}
UserDaoImpl.java
package com.itheima.annotation;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
//将UserDaoImpl类标识为Spring中的Bean,该写法相当于在配置文件中
//<Bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.annnotation.UserDaoImpl"></Bean>
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
@Override
public void save() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("userDao......save...");
}
}
UserService.java
package com.itheima.annotation;
public interface UserService {
public void save();
}
UserServiceImpl.java
package com.itheima.annotation;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Resource(name="userDao")//相当于<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
private UserDao userDao;
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
@Override
public void save() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.userDao.save();
System.out.println("userservice......save");
}
}
bean6.xml(其中包含普通配置,高效配置,以及自动装配) 请看注释
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"
>
<!-- <context:annotation-config/>
分别定义3个Bean实例
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserServiceImpl"></bean>
<bean id="userController" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserController"></bean> -->
<!-- 高效配置 通知spring扫描指定包下所有 Bean类,进行注解解析-->
<!-- <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.annotation"></context:component-scan> -->
<!-- 自动装配 -->
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"></bean>
<bean id="userController" class="com.itheima.annotation.UserController" autowire="byName"></bean>
</beans>
AnnotationAssembleTest.java 测试类
package com.itheima.annotation;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class AnnotationAssembleTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String xmlPath="com/itheima/annotation/beans6.xml";
ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xmlPath);
//获取UserController实例
UserController userController=(UserController)applicationContext.getBean("userController");
//调用UserController中的save方法
userController.save();
}
}