一个Android应用是如何被启动的
前言
基于源码API 28,30以后的版本启动第一个Activity的逻辑不一样
我会只拿出我们需要关注的代码部分,因为源码太多全都看看不过来的。所以每次截代码都有省略
前言
源码只截取需要看的部分,其他部分会省略。
源码基于API 28也就是Android9.0,也就是源码还有ActivityStackSupervisor的这个版本
其他版本代码不太一样没有ActivityStackSupervisor,但是原理是相同的。
AOSP的源码在这个网站上看:http://aospxref.com/
总结
用流程总结app启动:
- 用户点击应用图标(或者其他方式打开app)
- 要打开app的进程(可能是桌面进程可能是别的Intent)通知zygote进程fork出一个新的进程用于承载app。
- ActivityThread通过main方法启动,通过跨进程通信,通知SystemServer进程
- SystemServer的AMS去找PMS拿对应的进程信息。
- AMS将进程信息PackageInfo返还给应用进程
- ActivityThread创建Instrumentation和通过反射的方式创建Application,
- Instrumentation调用application的生命周期。
用流程总结第一个Activity启动:
- AMS遍历mPackages里面的Activity标签之后,找到启动时所需要的那个Activity(根据Intent里面的那个启动标签)。
- 准备一个事务(clientTransaction),里面包括了Activity的启动(Callback)和拉到前台(lifecycleState)两件事。
后面的流程参考上一篇文章的第六节,我们只需要知道一旦往ActivityThread发了一个ClientTransaction之后,后面的流程就完全是固定的。
AMS(ActivityManagerService)源码解析,Activity是如何被打开的
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41872247/article/details/125031721
1. 启动Application
1.1 拉起一个新的进程
首先我们需要明确一点的是,启动一个app,他的起点来自于桌面进程,桌面进程在用户点击app图标准备拉起app的时候,就会让Zygote进程去即使的fork一个新的app进程出来,然后寻找到这个新的app的ActivityThread类的Main方法进行执行。
这部分见https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41872247/article/details/125211491
1.2 启动Application
接下来我们就来到了ActivityThread的Main方法
public final class ActivityThread extends ClientTransactionHandler
implements ActivityThreadInternal {
private ApplicationThread mAppThread
// 启动类
public static void main(String[] args) {
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false, startSeq);
}
private void attach(boolean system, long startSeq) {
if(!system) {
final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManager.getService();
try {
mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread, startSeq);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
}
private class ApplicationThread extend IApplicationThread.Stub {}
}
到attach,我们就通过跨进程进行binder通信了,拿到了AMS对象。我们传的对象ApplicationThread就是ActivityThread的一个内部类,持有外部引用,这个类就是负责和AMS通信。
1.3 AMS阶段
public class ActivityManagerService extends IActivityManager.Stub
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread, long startSeq) {
synchronized (this) {
attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid, callingUid, startSeq);
}
}
private boolean attachApplicationLocked(@NonNull IApplicationThread thread,
int pid, int callingUid, long startSeq) {
ProcessRecord app;
// 这段代码从PMS中请求App的数据
if (app == null && startSeq > 0) {
final ProcessRecord pending = mPendingStarts.get(startSeq);
if (pending != null && pending.startUid == callingUid && pending.startSeq == startSeq
&& handleProcessStartedLocked(pending, pid, pending.usingWrapper,
startSeq, true)) {
app = pending;
}
}
if (app.isolatedEntryPoint != null) {
thread.runIsolatedEntryPoint(app.isolatedEntryPoint, app.isolatedEntryPointArgs);
} else if (app.instr != null) {
// 走这里
thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers,
app.instr.mClass,
profilerInfo, app.instr.mArguments,
app.instr.mWatcher,
app.instr.mUiAutomationConnection, testMode,
mBinderTransactionTrackingEnabled, enableTrackAllocation,
isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.persistent,
new Configuration(getGlobalConfiguration()), app.compat,
getCommonServicesLocked(app.isolated),
mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked(),
buildSerial, isAutofillCompatEnabled);
} else {
thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers, null, profilerInfo,
null, null, null, testMode,
mBinderTransactionTrackingEnabled, enableTrackAllocation,
isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.persistent,
new Configuration(getGlobalConfiguration()), app.compat,
getCommonServicesLocked(app.isolated),
mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked(),
buildSerial, isAutofillCompatEnabled);
}
}
}
AMS这部分先去PMS里面拿到当前app的相关数据(之前写在AndroidManifest里面的解析后存在mPackages的内容),
然后再返回来给ApplicationThread(走到thread.bindApplication)。
1.4 创建Instrumentation和Application
public final class ActivityThread extends ClientTransactionHandler
implements ActivityThreadInternal {
private class ApplicationThread extend IApplicationThread.Stub {
public final void bindApplication(很多入参) {
AppBindData data = new AppBindData();
// ....将App的数据都放进data里面
sendMessage(H.BIND_APPLICATION, data);
}
}
}
这里第一次sendMsg了,就是handler的那套流程,最后走到的是外侧的一个bindApplication方法
public final class ActivityThread extends ClientTransactionHandler
implements ActivityThreadInternal {
private static class AndroidOs extends ForwardingOs {
private void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data) {
// 一般都是走上面
if (ii != null) {
initInstrumentation(ii, data, appContext);
} else {
mInstrumentation = new Instrumentation();
mInstrumentation.basicInit(this);
}
//.....省略无关代码
Application app;
try {
// 创建appllication
app = data.info.makeApplicationInner(data.restrictedBackupMode, null);
//......
// Instrumentation自己的onCreate方法,等于自己的生命周期,忽视它
mInstrumentation.onCreate(data.instrumentationArgs);
//......
mInstrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
}
}
private void initInstrumentation(
InstrumentationInfo ii, AppBindData data, ContextImpl appContext) {
try {
final ClassLoader cl = instrContext.getClassLoader();
mInstrumentation = (Instrumentation)
cl.loadClass(data.instrumentationName.getClassName()).newInstance();
}
//init只是把一大堆东西给他赋值到成员变量里面
mInstrumentation.init(this, instrContext, appContext, component,
data.instrumentationWatcher, data.instrumentationUiAutomationConnection);
}
}
}
他在这段代码中做了几件事:
- 创建Instrumentation对象
- 创建Application对象
- 调用Application的生命周期
Instrumentation的创建过程上面已经有了,接下来看makeApplicationInner是如何创建Application的:
public final class LoadedApk {
private Application makeApplicationInner(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
Instrumentation instrumentation, boolean allowDuplicateInstances) {
Application app = null;
app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
cl, appClass, appContext);
return app;
}
}
public class Instrumentation {
public Application newApplication(ClassLoader cl, String className, Context context)
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
ClassNotFoundException {
// getFactory我们具体就不看了,最终就是返回一个AppComponentFactory的对象
Application app = getFactory(context.getPackageName())
.instantiateApplication(cl, className);
app.attach(context); //这个attach,就是我们自己定义的Application类的生命周期的那个attach,由Instrumentation直接调用
return app;
}
}
public class AppComponentFactory {
public @NonNull Application instantiateApplication(@NonNull ClassLoader cl,
@NonNull String className)
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
// 走到最后还是反射创建的对象。
return (Application) cl.loadClass(className).newInstance();
}
}
虽然中间跨了很多个类,但是还是可以看得出来根本的那行代码还是反射创建Application对象。
最后看看Application的生命周期是如何被Instrumentation调用的
public class Instrumentation {
public void callApplicationOnCreate(Application app) {
app.onCreate();
}
}
结果就是直接调用,没有任何转折。
2. 启动Activity
2.1 回到AMS,启动第一个Activity
- 代码回到AMS,刚刚AMS的代码还未执行完。
public class ActivityManagerService extends IActivityManager.Stub
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
private boolean attachApplicationLocked(@NonNull IApplicationThread thread,
int pid, int callingUid, long startSeq) {
//.. bind之后发生的事
// See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process...
// 查看在这个进程中顶部的Activity是否正在等待运行... 其实就是启动顶部Activity了
if (normalMode) {
try {
if (mStackSupervisor.attachApplicationLocked(app)) {
didSomething = true;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown launching activities in " + app, e);
badApp = true;
}
}
}
}
public class ActivityStackSupervisor extends ConfigurationContainer implements DisplayListener,
RecentTasks.Callbacks {
boolean attachApplicationLocked(ProcessRecord app) throws RemoteException {
final String processName = app.processName;
boolean didSomething = false;
for (int displayNdx = mActivityDisplays.size() - 1; displayNdx >= 0; --displayNdx) {
final ActivityDisplay display = mActivityDisplays.valueAt(displayNdx);
for (int stackNdx = display.getChildCount() - 1; stackNdx >= 0; --stackNdx) {
final ActivityStack stack = display.getChildAt(stackNdx);
if (!isFocusedStack(stack)) {
continue;
}
stack.getAllRunningVisibleActivitiesLocked(mTmpActivityList);
final ActivityRecord top = stack.topRunningActivityLocked();
final int size = mTmpActivityList.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
final ActivityRecord activity = mTmpActivityList.get(i);
if (activity.app == null && app.uid == activity.info.applicationInfo.uid
&& processName.equals(activity.processName)) {
try {
// 通过好几层的for循环遍历app里面所有的Activity,去寻找并启动app的启动页
if (realStartActivityLocked(activity, app,
top == activity /* andResume */, true /* checkConfig */)) {
didSomething = true;
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e;
}
}
}
}
}
if (!didSomething) {
ensureActivitiesVisibleLocked(null, 0, !PRESERVE_WINDOWS);
}
return didSomething;
}
final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, ProcessRecord app,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException {
try {
// 准备启动Activity的事务
final ClientTransaction clientTransaction = ClientTransaction.obtain(app.thread,
r.appToken);
// 这里准备了一个LaunchActivityItem作为Callback,记住他,后面会用到
clientTransaction.addCallback(LaunchActivityItem.obtain(new Intent(r.intent),
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info,
mergedConfiguration.getGlobalConfiguration(),
mergedConfiguration.getOverrideConfiguration(), r.compat,
r.launchedFromPackage, task.voiceInteractor, app.repProcState, r.icicle,
r.persistentState, results, newIntents, mService.isNextTransitionForward(),
profilerInfo));
final ActivityLifecycleItem lifecycleItem;
if (andResume) {
// 这里我们是启动Activity,所以走resume
lifecycleItem = ResumeActivityItem.obtain(mService.isNextTransitionForward());
} else {
lifecycleItem = PauseActivityItem.obtain();
}
// 这里准备了一个ResumeActivityItem作为LifecycleState,记住他,后面会用到
clientTransaction.setLifecycleStateRequest(lifecycleItem);
// 发送这个事务
mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction(clientTransaction);
}
}
}
AMS遍历了一下启动进程的所有Activity,找到启动时要用的那个,走到了realStartActivityLocked准备启动。
后面的流程参考这篇文章的第六节,是完全一样的
AMS(ActivityManagerService)源码解析,Activity是如何被打开的
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41872247/article/details/125031721
参考资料
码牛学院VIP课程 VIP12-2021.12.03-這染机制-01 Activity. View. WMS的协调kerwin
AOSP的源码网站:http://aospxref.com/