centos7、centos8 安装mysql5.7

centos7安装MySQL5.7

1. 查看是否有安装过MySQL，有则删除

   rpm -qa|grep mysql
   # whereis mysql # 查看MySQL安装位置
   # find / -name mysql # 查看MySQL相关文件位置
   

2. 卸载系统自带的Mariadb

   rpm -qa|grep mariadb
   rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-xxx.x86_64
   rm /etc/my.cnf
   

3. 检查是否有MySQL用户和用户组，没有则创建

   cat /etc/group | grep mysql
   cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
   
   # 创建用户和用户组
   groupadd mysql
   useradd -r -g mysql mysql
   

4. 将下载好的MySQL解压放到/usr/local/mysql下(也可以自定义文件目录)

   • MySQL下载(也可用浏览器去官网下载)：

   wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64.tar.gz # 下载mysql
   tar -xvf mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64.tar.gz # 解压
   mv mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql 
   

5. 创建MySQL相关目录并初始化数据库

   # 创建数据库需要使用的目录
   mkdir -p /home/mysql/{data,logs,tmp} # 创建目录
   chown -R mysql.mysql /home/mysql/ # 更改文件夹所属
   
   # 初始化数据库
   /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data
   

6. 创建数据库配置文件 my.cnf

   vi /etc/my.cnf
   
   # 粘贴以下内容到my.cnf中
   [mysqld]
   user = mysql
   basedir = /usr/local/mysql
   datadir = /home/mysql/data
   socket = /home/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
   pid-file = /home/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid
   tmpdir = /home/mysql/tmp
   character-set-server=utf8
   sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
   lower_case_table_names = 1
   log_timestamps=SYSTEM
   character-set-server = utf8
   interactive_timeout = 36000
   wait_timeout = 36000
   max_allowed_packet = 1G # 单次最大查询
   #logs
   server-id = 100
   log-error = /home/mysql/logs/error.log
   slow_query_log = 1
   slow_query_log_file = /home/mysql/logs/slow.log
   long_query_time = 3
   log-bin = /home/mysql/logs/binlog
   expire_logs_days = 15
   log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
   relay-log = /home/mysql/logs/relay-bin
   relay-log-recovery = 1
   relay_log_purge = 1
   
   [client]
   socket = /home/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
   default-character-set=utf8
   [mysql]
   default-character-set=utf8
   

7. 配置mysql.server

   vi /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
   
   # 修改mysqld.service中的一下两个配置
   basedir=/usr/local/mysql
   datadir=/home/mysql/data
   

8. 配置systemctl服务

   vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
   
   # 粘贴以下内容到mysqld.service中
   [Unit]
   Description=MySQL Server
   After=network.target
   After=syslog.target
   [Service]
   User=mysql
   Group=mysql
   Type=forking
   PermissionsStartOnly=true
   ExecStart= /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
   ExecStop= /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
   ExecReload= /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   

9. 添加环境变量(也可以不添加)

   echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin " >> /etc/profile 
   source /etc/profile
   

10. 启动数据库

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start mysqld
    

11. 修改密码

    • 获取初始密码

    more /home/mysql/logs/error.log |grep password
    

    其他版本可能在初始化时直接给出初始密码
    密码在‘A temporary password is generated for root@localhost:’ 提示之后

    

    • 配置了环境变量

      mysql -u root -p
      alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123';
      flush privileges;
      

    • 未设置环境变量

      /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
      

    解决centos8可能会提示没有 ‘libncurses.so.5’：

    yum install libncurses.*
    

12. 开机自启

    systemctl enable mysqld
    

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/wherehappens/articles/15055614.html