Linux批量部署安装--Cobbler详细使用方法

十三妹_

已于 2022-10-18 09:21:00 修改

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分类专栏：运维文章标签： linux 运维 centos 自动化

于 2022-07-08 15:17:38 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41896822/article/details/125327854

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一、简介

作为运维，在数据机房的建立中批量部署系统，在日后运维中重装系统，最常用的方法是使用PXE。Cobbler是PXE的高级封装，以命令行的方式进行管理（也有web管理），是一个系统启动服务，同时也是依赖基础的DHCP、TFTP等基础服务。

二、Cobbler服务端部署

更新yum源为国内

内网环境手动将需要的包上传的服务器

#从aliyun下载repo文件
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-aliyun.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum clean all #清除yum仓缓存
yum makecache  #重建缓存

关闭selinux、防火墙

sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disable/g' /etc/selinux/config
#配置需要重启才能生效，或者setenforce 0临时生效（不建议）
getenforce   #查看selinux状态，为Permissive则表示已关闭
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

安装cobbler及依赖软件

yum -y install epel-release 
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes  xinetd  pykickstart net-tool cman fence-agents
#cobbler-web可不安装，如果安装必须保存与cobbler版本一致
#安装过程中会自动安装许多依赖包，若是内网需要将依赖包也全部下载

修改配置settings

#修改cobbler服务器ip为本机ip
sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.222.128/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
#修改next-server（tftp）为本机ip
sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.222.128/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

#配置DHCP控制，修改如下则让cobbler控制DHCP，/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template文件内容会自动更新到dhcp.conf中
#sed -i 's/^manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
#sed -i 's/^manage_tftpd: 0/manage_tftpd: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
#sed -i 's/^manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

启动TFTP

vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
#将如下内容中disable后的值改为no
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = no
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}
#或直接sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

设置密码

[root@localhost etc]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM"
#-1代码使用MD5基于BSD密钥算法
#出现Password时输入你的密码，该密码即为你安装机器的初始密码
Password: 
$1$19437$egldqNTHKax3EGPRIz3kC.
#在配置文件中将上述密文填入
vim /etc/cobbler/settings
# openssl passwd -1
# and put the output between the "" below.
default_password_crypted: "$1$19437$egldqNTHKax3EGPRIz3kC."

配置DHCP

#我这是不让cobbler控制dhcp
#让cobbler控制需要更改：sed -i 's/^manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
# set to 1 to enable Cobbler's DHCP management features.

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
subnet 192.168.222.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range 192.168.222.100 192.168.222.240;
        option routers 192.168.222.128;
    }
  next-server 192.168.222.128;
    filename="pxelinux.0";

配置启动文件

#因为cobbler后面取消了get-loaders命令，所以需要手动添加启动文件
yum install -y syslinux
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
systemctl restart cobblerd

开启服务

systemctl enable --now httpd
systemctl enable --now cobblerd
systemctl enable --now xinetd
systemctl enable --now dhcpd
systemctl enable --now tftp
systemctl enable --now rsyncd
##
cobbler sync
cobbler check
#若出现一下错误，表示正常
1 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:
    https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux
2 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders.  If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.
3 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

镜像导入

#若是虚拟机，请提前连接好CD设备
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
cobbler import --name="centos7-x86_64" --path=/mnt/
#使用cobbler可以查看导入的镜像及profile文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler list
distros:
   centos7-x86_64

profiles:
   centos7-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:
######################
cobbler的默认系统ks.cfg文件为/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
自己可以手写自定义的文件，需要将默认的移除然后添加即可
cobbler profile remove --name=centos7-x86_64
cobbler profile add --name=centos7 --distro=centos7-x86_64 --kickstart=你的ks.cfg文件路径

在新建的服务器打开后出现如下即为部署成功（虚拟机请选择稍后安装系统）：

选择相应的系统（cobbler可同时配置多个系统镜像以及对应的安装引导文件），然后默默等等安装成功即可。

搞定！！！

三、一键化脚本

注：请根据自己服务器实际情况修改

#!/bin/bash
ipaddr=`ifconfig |grep inet |awk '{print $2}'| head -n1`
ipaddr1=`ifconfig |grep inet |awk '{print $2}'| head -n1|grep -oP '\d+.\d+.\d+.'`


echo -e "\033[32m 当前IP为：$ipaddr \033[0m"
sleep 1
echo -e "\033[32m 1、部署国内镜像 \033[0m"
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-aliyun.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
sleep 1

echo -e "\033[32m 2、关闭防火墙、SELINUX \033[0m"
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disable/g' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
echo -e "\033[32m SELINUX： \033[0m"
echo `getenforce`

echo -e "\033[32m 3、安装cobbler及依赖包 \033[0m"
yum -y install epel-release
sleep 1
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes  xinetd  pykickstart net-tool cman fence-agents
sleep 1

echo -e "\033[32m 4、配置setting \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[32m cobbler初始密码设为123456 \033[0m"
passwd=`openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" "123456"`
echo $passwd
sed -i "s/^default_password_crypted.*/default_password_crypted: \""${passwd}"\"/g" /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i "s/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: $ipaddr/g" /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i "s/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: $ipaddr/g" /etc/cobbler/settings
sleep 1

echo -e "\033[32m 4、配置dhcp、xinetd \033[0m"
sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cat << EOF >/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
subnet ${ipaddr1}0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range ${ipaddr1}100 ${ipaddr1}240;
        option routers $ipaddr;
    }
  next-server $ipaddr;
    filename="pxelinux.0";
EOF

echo -e "\033[32m 5、配置启动文件 \033[0m"
yum install -y syslinux
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
sleep 1

echo -e "\033[32m 6、启动服务 \033[0m"
systemctl enable --now httpd
systemctl enable --now cobblerd
systemctl enable --now xinetd
systemctl enable --now dhcpd
systemctl enable --now tftp
systemctl enable --now rsyncd
sleep 1

cobbler sync
echo -e "\033[33m cobbler sync \033[0m"
cobbler check
echo -e "\033[33m cobbler check \033[0m"
sleep 1

echo -e "\033[32m 7、加载镜像（已提前挂好ISO） \033[0m"
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/
cobbler import --name="centos7-x86_64" --path=/mnt/
cobbler list
echo -e "\033[32m 全部执行完毕！请检查！ \033[0m"

十三妹_

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Linux批量部署安装--Cobbler详细使用方法

目录一、简介二、Cobbler服务端部署更新yum源为国内关闭selinux、防火墙安装cobbler及依赖软件修改配置settings启动TFTP设置密码配置DHCP配置启动文件开启服务镜像导入一、简介作为运维，在数据机房的建立中批量部署系统，在日后运维中重装系统，最常用的方法是使用PXE。Cobbler是PXE的高级封装，以命令行的方式进行管理（也有web管理），是一个系统启动服务，同时也是依赖基础的DHCP、TFTP等基础服务。注：cobbler服务端仅限redhat、ce
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