\c终止当前正在输入的指令
如果提示符变成 '> 或 ">,说明引号未封闭,此时输入任何指令都会被忽略,包括quit。应该先输入一个引号,再输入指令。
show create table table_name;可以显示表格的详细信息,包括约束。
describe table_name;显示表格的样式
如果查询条件是不等于null,应该用XXX is not null 而不是 XXX!=null,因为null是特殊值,不能使用普通比较符比较。
MySQL中的通配符:%占多位,_占一位
正则表达式中:‘.’匹配单个字符,[…]匹配括号内的任意字符,‘-’表示范围如[a-z],“ ”匹配零个或多个在它前面的东西,
在模式开始处使用“^”或在模式的结尾用“$”,“{n}”表示重复n次。
SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP BINARY ‘^b’;
添加BINARY区分大小写
模式匹配:select * from pet where name [not] like ‘b%’; 显示名字以b开头的宠物
匹配正则表达式:select * from pet where name [not] REGEXP ‘^b’; 显示名字以b开头的宠物
或者 select * from pet where name [not] RLIKE ‘^b’;
select count() from pet; 显示pet的行数
SELECT owner, COUNT() FROM pet GROUP BY owner; 显示每个主人有多少宠物
SELECT species, sex, COUNT() FROM pet GROUP BY species, sex; 这里相当于对种类和性别做了笛卡儿积。
SELECT p1.name, p1.sex, p2.name, p2.sex, p1.species 用pet表联结自身来进行相同种类的雄雌配对
-> FROM pet AS p1, pet AS p2
-> WHERE p1.species = p2.species AND p1.sex = ‘f’ AND p2.sex = ‘m’;
SHOW INDEX FROM tbl_name 生成有关索引的信息s
Linux启动MySQL服务器:sudo service mysql start
windows启动MySQL服务器:net start mysql
mysql -u root 以管理员身份登录
zerofill 用0填充;给键命名:constraint shop_pk primary key(article)
CREATE TABLE shop (
-> article INT(4) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL DEFAULT ‘0000’ NOT NULL,
-> dealer CHAR(20) DEFAULT ‘’ NOT NULL,
-> price DOUBLE(16,2) DEFAULT ‘0.00’ NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY(article, dealer));
从文件中加载数据:LOAD DATA INFILE ‘文件路径和文件名’ INTO TABLE 表名字;
导出:SELECT 列1,列2 INTO OUTFILE ‘文件路径和文件名’ FROM 表名字;
备份:mysqldump -u root 数据库名>备份文件名; #备份整个数据库
mysqldump -u root 数据库名 表名字>备份文件名; #备份整个表
恢复:mysql -u root test < bak.sql; #从bak.sql中恢复到任意新建的库(test)中,需要退出MySQL
source 文件名;
显示price这一列最大值对应的行(子查询)
mysql> SELECT article, dealer, price
-> FROM shop
-> WHERE price=(SELECT MAX(price) FROM shop);
也可以先按价格降序排列,然后用limit字句显示第一行
mysql> SELECT article, dealer, price
-> FROM shop
-> ORDER BY price DESC
-> LIMIT 1;
找出每项物品中对应出价最高价格
mysql> SELECT article, MAX(price) AS price
-> FROM shop
-> GROUP BY article;
通过使用用户变量找出价格最高或者最低的物品:
mysql> SELECT @min_price:=MIN(price),@max_price:=MAX(price) FROM shop;
mysql> SELECT * FROM shop WHERE price=@min_price OR price=@max_price;
等价于
select * from shop where price=(select min(price) from shop) or price=(select max(price) from shop);
AUTO_INCREMENT = 100 可以为序号生成一个起始值 100
color ENUM(‘red’, ‘blue’, ‘orange’, ‘white’, ‘black’) NOT NULL 枚举类型字段
owner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL REFERENCES person(id) references 声明外键,该句法可以创建一个列;但不创建任何索引或关键字。
SELECT @min_price:=MIN(price),@max_price:=MAX(price) FROM shop; 声明用户变量
SELECT @last := LAST_INSERT_ID(); 最后插入数据的ID
SHOW CREATE TABLE shirt \G; 按行输出每列的属性
SELECT field1_index, field2_index FROM test_table WHERE field1_index = ‘1’ OR field2_index = ‘1’ 两个搜索条件
SELECT field1_index, field2_index FROM test_table WHERE field1_index = ‘1’
UNION
SELECT field1_index, field2_index FROM test_table WHERE field2_index = ‘1’; 联合搜索
CREATE TABLE t1 (year YEAR(4), month INT(2) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL, day INT(2) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL);
日期类型
SELECT year,month,BIT_COUNT(BIT_OR(1<<day)) AS days FROM t1 GROUP BY year,month;
计算每个月中某用户访问网页的天数,这里重复的日期算一天;
还可以用distinct去重:
select year,month,count(distinct day) from t1 group by year,month;
使用子查询,count参数随便,先按year,month,day三级分组,再按year,month二级分组:
select year, month, count(0) from (select year, month, day,count(0) from t1 group by year, month, day) as tmp group by year, month;
ALTER TABLE pet CHANGE COLUMN sec sex CHAR(1); 修改列名,数据类型
UPDATE pet SET birth = ‘1989-08-31’ WHERE name = ‘Bowser’; 修改某一行数据
SELECT name, species, birth FROM pet ORDER BY species, birth DESC; 对多个列排序,DESC只对它前面的列有效。
TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR,birth,CURDATE()) 计算日期差,等价于
(YEAR(CURDATE())-YEAR(birth)) - (RIGHT(CURDATE(),5)<RIGHT(birth,5))
MySQL提供几个日期方面的提取函数,例如YEAR()、MONTH()和DAYOFMONTH()。
SELECT name, birth FROM pet WHERE MONTH(birth) = MONTH(DATE_ADD(CURDATE(),INTERVAL 1 MONTH));
找下个月出生的动物,也可以mode再加1:
MONTH(birth) = MOD(MONTH(CURDATE()), 12) + 1;
作者:misthee
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35312171/article/details/82919074
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