基础sql语句

一些基础的指令以及基础练手题

SELECT - 从数据库中提取数据
UPDATE - 更新数据库中的数据
DELETE - 从数据库中删除数据
INSERT INTO - 向数据库中插入新数据
CREATE DATABASE - 创建新数据库
ALTER DATABASE - 修改数据库
CREATE TABLE - 创建新表
ALTER TABLE - 变更（改变）数据库表
DROP TABLE - 删除表
CREATE INDEX - 创建索引（搜索键）
DROP INDEX - 删除索引

返回前面几条

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
LIMIT number;

模糊查询

SELECT * FROM Websites
WHERE name LIKE '%k';

分组查询
GROUP BY 语句根据一个或多个列对结果集进行分组。
在分组的列上我们可以使用 COUNT, SUM, AVG,等函数。

SELECT column_name, function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name;

排序使用order by ；ASC 升序 DESC 降序 默认升序

SELECT field1, field2,...fieldN FROM table_name1, table_name2...
ORDER BY field1, [field2...] [ASC [DESC]]

HAVING子句通常与GROUP BY子句一起使用，以根据指定的条件过滤分组。如果省略GROUP BY子句，则HAVING子句的行为与WHERE子句类似。

SELECT 
    ordernumber,
    SUM(quantityOrdered) AS itemsCount,
    SUM(priceeach*quantityOrdered) AS total
FROM
    orderdetails
GROUP BY ordernumber
HAVING total > 55000

一些基础题

学生表

create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');
insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');
insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2017-12-30' , '女');
insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2017-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2018-01-01' , '女');

科目表

create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10))
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02')
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01')
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03')

教师表

create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10))
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三')
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四')
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五')

成绩表

create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1))
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80)
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90)
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99)
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70)
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60)
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80)
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80)
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80)
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80)
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50)
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30)
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20)
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76)
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87)
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31)
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34)
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89)
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98)

查询不存在" 01 “课程但存在” 02 "课程的情况

select *
from sc
where sc.SId not in (select SId from sc where sc.CId='01')
and  sc.CId='02'

查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

select student.*,t1.avgscore
from student inner JOIN(
select sc.SId ,AVG(sc.score)as avgscore
from sc 
GROUP BY sc.SId
HAVING AVG(sc.score)>=60)as t1 on student.SId=t1.SId 

查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为null)

select student.SId,student.Sname,t1.sumscore,t1.coursecount
from student ,(
select SC.SId,sum(sc.score)as sumscore ,count(sc.CId) as coursecount
from sc 
GROUP BY sc.SId) as t1
where student.SId =t1.SId