JDK集合fail-fast机制源码解读

前情

      这两天一哥们在面试国内大厂问到了，小伙子你知道fail-fast是啥吗？？小伙子一脸懵逼，随口来了句中式翻译，“错的快”？？？,此时此刻的面试官也是一脸懵逼，说道，你觉得怎么走最快就怎么走吧。。。。哈哈，简单的开个玩笑。其实我之前只知道这个玩意的名称，但是不知道底层实现原理是啥，今天我们就来看看到底发生了啥

简述

      fail-fast 机制，即快速失败机制，是java集合(Collection)中的一种错误检测机制。当使用迭代器时候，进行一定的改变，就有可能会发生fail-fast，
      即抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常。fail-fast机制并不保证在不同步的修改下一定会抛出异常，它只是尽最大努力去抛出，所以这种机制通常用来检测bug。在ArrayList源码中有一定的描述。

Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators
throw {@code ConcurrentModificationException} on a best-effort basis.
Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators
should be used only to detect bugs.

制造异常

public class Main {
   
    public static void main(String[] args) {
   
        testSingleThread();
    }

    //测试单线程的情况下的异常
    public static void testSingleThread() {
   
        System.out.println("testSingleThread()");
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   
            list.add(i + "");
        }
        //创建一个迭代器
        Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();
        int i = 0;
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
   
            if (i == 3) {
   
                list.remove(3); //不安全的做法
               // iterator.remove();
            }
            System.out.print(iterator.next() + " ");
            i++;
        }
    }

    //测试多线程的情况下
    public static void testConcurrent() {
   
        System.out.println(" testConcurrent()()");
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
   
            list.add(i + "");
        }
        Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();
        //线程池创建10个线程
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        //执行线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   
            executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
   
                @Override
                public void run() {
   
                    while(iterator.hasNext())