spring注解@Configuration的使用

一、@Configuration加载Spring方法

1.1 @Configuration配置spring并启动spring容器

@Configuration标注在类上，相当于把该类作为spring的xml配置文件中的<beans>，作用为：配置spring容器(应用上下文)

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class SpringTest {
    public SpringTest(){
        System.out.println("初始化");
    }
}

相当于：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false">


</beans>

测试：

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringTest.class);
    }
}

1.2、@Configuration启动容器+@Bean注册Bean，@Bean下管理bean的生命周期

@Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法)，等价于spring的xml配置文件中的<bean>，作用为：注册bean对象

bean类：

public class TestBean {
    private String name;

    public void sayhello(){
        System.out.println("hello");
    }

    public void start(){
        System.out.println("初始化");
    }

    public void destory(){
        System.out.println("销毁");
    }
}

配置类：

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

@Configuration
public class SpringTest {
    public SpringTest(){
        System.out.println("初始化");
    }
    // @Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
    // @Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="destory")
    @Bean
    @Scope("prototype")
    public TestBean testBean(){
        return  new TestBean();
    }

}

测试：

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringTest.class);
        TestBean testBean = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"); //方法名 
        testBean.sayhello();
    }
}