JavaWeb阶段JSP详情介绍(上)

本文介绍了JavaServerPages (JSP) 的基本概念、实现原理,包括脚本与注释的使用,以及内置对象、EL表达式、JSP指令和九大内置对象的详细讲解。通过实例演示了如何利用JSP动态展示时间和使用各种对象。
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JSP

Java Server Pages简称jsp,是简化Servlet编写的一种技术,它将Java代码和Html语句混合在同一个文件中编写,页面动态资源使用java代码,静态页面使用html
初体验:

<%@ page import="java.util.Date" %>
<%@ page import="java.text.SimpleDateFormat" %><%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2021/6/15
  Time: 15:36
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>动态展示时间</title>
</head>
<body>
        <%
            Date date = new Date();
            SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日");
            String currentTime = simpleDateFormat.format(date);
        %>
        <h3><% out.write(currentTime);%></h3>
</body>
</html>

实现原理

JSP本质上就是一个Servlet
jsp页面,运行的时候,会先生成一个java文件,进行编译灾再去执行

在这里插入图片描述

脚本与注释

脚本

  1. <% 代码 %>脚本片段,声称在service方法中,每次请求的时候都会执行
  2. <%! 代码 %>申明片段,在java代码中声名成员变量,放在jsp生成java文件中的成员位置
  3. <%= 代码%>输出脚本片段,相当于out。print(“代码”)方法,输出到jsp页面

注释

html注释

jsp注释
<%-- --%>
java注释(jsp脚本内使用)
单行//
多行/* /
文档注释/
* */

作用范围
注释 1JSP源码 2java源码 1html源码 2
html可见可见可见
java可见可见不可见
jsp可见不可见不可见

jsp指令

指令?

用于配置jsp页面,导入资源文件

格式

<%@ 指令名称 属性名1=“属性值1” 属性名2=“属性值2” …%>

jsp三大指令

page指令

用于配置当前jsp页面的一些信息

属性名说明
contentType相当于response.setContentType();设置响应体的MIME类型和编码方式
language目前仅支持java语言
import导入jar包
errorPage当前页报错后,跳转指定错误提示页面
isErrorPage声明当前jsp页面是一个异常处理页面,打开异常开关
false:(默认)
true:可以操作execption异常对象
include指令

页面包含的,导入页面的资源文件
<%@include file=“xxx.jsp”%>
例如以下代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>show.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%@include file="top.jsp"%>
    <div style="border: red solid 5px;height: 400px">我是include静态包含,主体..</div>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>top.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div style="border: skyblue dashed 5px;height: 180px">头部</div>
</body>
</html>

taglib指令

导入资源,在jstl中会使用该指令导入标签库
profix自定义前缀名

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>jstl</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        导入jstl标签库
    </body>
</html>

JSP内置对象

在jsp页面中不需要获取和创建,可以直接使用的对象

九大内置对象

变量名说明说明
pageContextPageContext当前页面中共享数据(域对象)
requestHttpServletRequest一次请求中共享数据(域对象)
sessionHttpSession一次会话中共享数据(域对象)
applicationServletContext整个web应用共享数据(域对象)
responseHttpServletResponse响应对象
page(this)Object当前页面(servlet)对象
outJSPWriter数处对象
configServletConfigservlet配置对象
execptionThrowable异常对象(默认关闭。。。)

常用内置对象

变量名说明
pageContext当前页面的域对象和获取其他八个内置对象
request接受用户请求(参数)和获取一次请求中域对象
response设置响应:字节流和字符流
out专门在jsp中处理字节流
print():可以输出一切类型
write():只能输出字符类型

EL表达式

Expression Language表达式语言
格式: ${表达式}
作用:主要是从域对象中查找指定的数据
语法: ${域名城.键名}:从指定域中获取指定键的值

域名对应关系
pageScopepageContext
requestScoperequest
sessionScopesession
applicationScopeapplication(ServletContext)

${键名}:表示依次从最小的域中查找是否有该键对应的值,直到找到为止。
例如:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

     <%
            pageContext.setAttribute("name", "吉泽明步老师");
            request.setAttribute("name", "饭岛爱老师");
            request.setAttribute("age", 20);
            session.setAttribute("sex", "女");
            application.setAttribute("address", "日本东京热");
        %>
    <%

    %>
    ${pageScope.name}
    ${requestScope.age}
    ${sessionScope.sex}
    ${applicationScope.address}

EL获取值

获取字符串

代码演示

package com.lifly.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/elGetValueServlet")
public class ElGetValueServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 处理post请求乱码问题
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;utf-8");

        request.setAttribute("username","tom");


        request.getRequestDispatcher("/el_getValue.jsp").forward(request,response);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2021/6/16
  Time: 14:57
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--
     <%
            pageContext.setAttribute("name", "吉泽明步老师");
            request.setAttribute("name", "饭岛爱老师");
            request.setAttribute("age", 20);
            session.setAttribute("sex", "女");
            application.setAttribute("address", "日本东京热");
        %>
    ${pageScope.name}
    ${requestScope.age}
    ${sessionScope.sex}
    ${applicationScope.address}
    <br>
--%>
    ${name}<br>
    ${age}<br>
    ${sex}<br>
    ${address}<br>
    <br>
    ${username}
</body>
</html>

获取对象
package com.lifly.JavaBean;

/**
 * @Describe
 * @Author Double LiFly
 * @date 2021/6/16 15:13
 */
public class User {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.lifly.servlet;

import com.lifly.JavaBean.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/elGetObjectServlet")
public class ElGetObjectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 处理post请求乱码问题
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;utf-8");

        User user = new User("tom", "1234");
        request.setAttribute("user",user);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/el_getObject.jsp").forward(request,response);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2021/6/16
  Time: 15:12
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

    <%--
        获取user对象
    --%>
    直接打印对象:${user}<br>
    获取对象的每一个属性:<br>
    用户名:${user.username}<br>
    密码:${user.password}<br>
</body>
</html>

获取数组
package com.lifly.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/elGetArrayServlet")
public class ElGetArrayServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 处理post请求乱码问题
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;utf-8");
        String[] str = {"jack","rose","tom"};
        request.setAttribute("str",str);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/el_getArray.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2021/6/16
  Time: 15:22
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%--
        获取数组
    --%>
    直接打印数组:${str}<br>
    获取数组的每一个值:<br>
        ${str[0]}<br>
        ${str[1]}<br>
        ${str[2]}<br>
</body>
</html>

获取List集合
package com.lifly.servlet;

import com.lifly.JavaBean.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

@WebServlet("/elGetListServlet")
public class ElGetListServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 处理post请求乱码问题
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;utf-8");
        //创建集合(泛型为String)
        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("jack");
        list.add("rose");
        list.add("tom");
        //创建集合(泛型为User对象)
        ArrayList<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
        users.add(new User("jen","1234"));
        users.add(new User("jim","2345"));

        request.setAttribute("list",list);
        request.setAttribute("users",users);

        request.getRequestDispatcher("/el_getList.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2021/6/16
  Time: 15:28
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%--
        获取集合
    --%>
    获取整个集合:<br>
        ${list}<br>
        ${users}<br>
    获取集合元素list:<br>
        ${list[0]}<br>
        ${list[1]}<br>
        ${list[2]}<br>
    获取集合集合User:<br>
        ${users[0]}<br>
        ${users[0].username} ${users[0].password}<br>
        ${users[1]}<br>
        ${users[1].username} ${users[1].password}<br>
</body>
</html>

获取Map集合
package com.lifly.servlet;

import com.lifly.JavaBean.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;

@WebServlet("/elGetMapServlet")
public class ElGetMapServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 处理post请求乱码问题
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;utf-8");

        //创建集合
        HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("jack","北京");
        map.put("rose","上海");
        map.put("tom","深圳");

        HashMap<String, User> map1 = new HashMap<>();
        map1.put("user1",new User("jim","1234"));
        map1.put("user2",new User("jan","2345"));

        request.setAttribute("map",map);
        request.setAttribute("map1",map1);

        request.getRequestDispatcher("el_getMap.jsp").forward(request,response);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2021/6/16
  Time: 15:38
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%--
        获取map集合
    --%>
    获取整个map:<br>
    ${map}<br>
    ${map1}<br>
    获取map中的元素:<br>
    ${map.jack}<br>
    ${map.rose}<br>
    ${map.tom}<br>
    获取map1中的元素:<br>
    ${map1.user1.username}|${map1.user1.password}<br>
    ${map1.user2.username}|${map1.user2.password}<br>
</body>
</html>

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