关于参数类型转换

Type Conversion

WebFlux

Some annotated controller method arguments that represent String-based request input (such as @RequestParam, @RequestHeader, @PathVariable, @MatrixVariable, and @CookieValue) can require type conversion if the argument is declared as something other than String.

For such cases, type conversion is automatically applied based on the configured converters. By default, simple types (int, long, Date, and others) are supported. You can customize type conversion through a WebDataBinder (see DataBinder) or by registering Formatters with the FormattingConversionService. See Spring Field Formatting.

A practical issue in type conversion is the treatment of an empty String source value. Such a value is treated as missing if it becomes null as a result of type conversion. This can be the case for Long, UUID, and other target types. If you want to allow null to be injected, either use the required flag on the argument annotation, or declare the argument as @Nullable.

DataBinder

WebFlux

@Controller or @ControllerAdvice classes can have @InitBinder methods that initialize instances of WebDataBinder, and those, in turn, can:

• Bind request parameters (that is, form or query data) to a model object.
• Convert String-based request values (such as request parameters, path variables, headers, cookies, and others) to the target type of controller method arguments.
• Format model object values as String values when rendering HTML forms.

@InitBinder methods can register controller-specific java.beans.PropertyEditor or Spring Converter and Formatter components. In addition, you can use the MVC config to register Converter and Formatter types in a globally shared FormattingConversionService.

@InitBinder methods support many of the same arguments that @RequestMapping methods do, except for @ModelAttribute (command object) arguments. Typically, they are declared with a WebDataBinder argument (for registrations) and a void return value. The following listing shows an example:

@RequestBody

WebFlux

You can use the @RequestBody annotation to have the request body read and deserialized into an Object through an HttpMessageConverter. The following example uses a @RequestBody argument:

Java

Kotlin

@PostMapping("/accounts")
public void handle(@RequestBody Account account) {
    // ...
}

You can use the Message Converters option of the MVC Config to configure or customize message conversion.

Message Conversion

WebFlux

The spring-web module contains the HttpMessageConverter contract for reading and writing the body of HTTP requests and responses through InputStream and OutputStream. HttpMessageConverter instances are used on the client side (for example, in the RestTemplate) and on the server side (for example, in Spring MVC REST controllers).

Concrete implementations for the main media (MIME) types are provided in the framework and are, by default, registered with the RestTemplate on the client side and with RequestMethodHandlerAdapter on the server side (see Configuring Message Converters).

The implementations of HttpMessageConverter are described in the following sections. For all converters, a default media type is used, but you can override it by setting the supportedMediaTypes bean property. The following table describes each implementation:

MessageConverter	Description
StringHttpMessageConverter	An HttpMessageConverter implementation that can read and write String instances from the HTTP request and response. By default, this converter supports all text media types (text/*) and writes with a Content-Type of text/plain.
FormHttpMessageConverter	An HttpMessageConverter implementation that can read and write form data from the HTTP request and response. By default, this converter reads and writes the application/x-www-form-urlencoded media type. Form data is read from and written into a MultiValueMap<String, String>. The converter can also write (but not read) multipart data read from a MultiValueMap<String, Object>. By default, multipart/form-data is supported. As of Spring Framework 5.2, additional multipart subtypes can be supported for writing form data. Consult the javadoc for FormHttpMessageConverter for further details.
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter	An HttpMessageConverter implementation that can read and write byte arrays from the HTTP request and response. By default, this converter supports all media types (*/*) and writes with a Content-Type of application/octet-stream. You can override this by setting the supportedMediaTypes property and overriding getContentType(byte[]).
MarshallingHttpMessageConverter	An HttpMessageConverter implementation that can read and write XML by using Spring’s Marshaller and Unmarshaller abstractions from the org.springframework.oxm package. This converter requires a Marshaller and Unmarshaller before it can be used. You can inject these through constructor or bean properties. By default, this converter supports text/xml and application/xml.
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter	An HttpMessageConverter implementation that can read and write JSON by using Jackson’s ObjectMapper. You can customize JSON mapping as needed through the use of Jackson’s provided annotations. When you need further control (for cases where custom JSON serializers/deserializers need to be provided for specific types), you can inject a custom ObjectMapper through the ObjectMapper property. By default, this converter supports application/json.
MappingJackson2XmlHttpMessageConverter	An HttpMessageConverter implementation that can read and write XML by using Jackson XML extension’s XmlMapper. You can customize XML mapping as needed through the use of JAXB or Jackson’s provided annotations. When you need further control (for cases where custom XML serializers/deserializers need to be provided for specific types), you can inject a custom XmlMapper through the ObjectMapper property. By default, this converter supports application/xml.
SourceHttpMessageConverter	An HttpMessageConverter implementation that can read and write javax.xml.transform.Source from the HTTP request and response. Only DOMSource, SAXSource, and StreamSource are supported. By default, this converter supports text/xml and application/xml.
BufferedImageHttpMessageConverter	An HttpMessageConverter implementation that can read and write java.awt.image.BufferedImage from the HTTP request and response. This converter reads and writes the media type supported by the Java I/O API.