剑指Offer(线程)——线程的六种状态及开启方法

如果我们想知道线程的状态，就可以来到java源码Thread.State中看见线程的状态了：

public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
    }

然后翻译一下：

Java线程一共有六个状态

• 新建（New）

创建后尚未启动的线程的状态

• 运行（Runnable）

包含Running和Ready也就是说，有可能这个线程正在执行，有可能这个线程正在等着cpu为他分配内存空间。打个比方，被.start()的线程就是Running状态，在线程池的线程就是Ready状态。

• 无限期等待(Waiting)

不会被分配CPU执行时间，需要显式被唤醒。
例如：
没有设置Timeout参数的Object.wait()方法
没有设置Timeout参数的Thread.join()方法
LockSuport.park()方法

• 限期等待(Timed Waiting)

在一定时间后会由系统自动唤醒

例如：
Thread.sleep()方法
设置Timeout参数的Object.wait()方法
设置Timeout参数的Thread.join()方法
LockSuport.parkNanos()方法
LockSuport.parkUntil()方法

• 阻塞(Blocked)

等待获取排他锁

• 结束(Terminated)

已终止线程的状态，线程已经结束执行