VSCode c++环境配置 win10中成功配置

在使用VSCode进行编写c++代码时，在配置上遇到了很多问题，最终解决，在这里纪录一下！

1、安装c++环境

安装MinGW32，配置环境变量
可参考这篇文章
本来想上传MinGW，发现zip我已经删除了…

2、配置VSCode 文件

配置四个.json文件
先创建一个你打算存放代码的文件夹（称作工作区），路径不能含有中文和空格和引号。c语言和c++需要建立不同的工作区（除非你懂得下面json文件的某些选项，则可以做到一个工作区使用不同的build task）。

打开VS Code，选打开文件夹（不要选“添加工作区文件夹”，理由见上一句），选择刚才那个文件夹，点VS Code上的新建文件夹，名称为.vscode（这样做的原因是Windows的Explorer不允许创建的文件夹第一个字符是点），然后创建 launch.json，tasks.json，settings.json，c_cpp_properties.json放到.vscode文件夹下，效果图：

launch.json代码：

    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "g++.exe build and debug active file",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "D:\\developenvc\\devcpp\\Dev-Cpp\\MinGW32\\bin\\gdb.exe", // 此处根据自己电脑配置填写
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "g++.exe build active file"
        }
    ]
}

tasks.json代码：

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558 
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "g++.exe build active file",
            "command": "g++.exe",
            "args": [
                "-g",
                "-std=c++14",
                "${file}",
                "-Wall",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"

            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "D:\\developenvc\\devcpp\\Dev-Cpp\\MinGW32\\bin"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

如果使用MinGW，编译C用gcc，编译c++用g++，并把-target和-fcolor那两条删去。如果不想要额外警告，把-Wall那一条删去。

settings.json代码：

{
    "files.associations": {
        "typeinfo": "cpp",
        "ostream": "cpp",
        "iostream": "cpp",
        "array": "cpp",
        "*.tcc": "cpp",
        "cctype": "cpp",
        "clocale": "cpp",
        "cstdarg": "cpp",
        "cstdint": "cpp",
        "cstdio": "cpp",
        "cstdlib": "cpp",
        "cwchar": "cpp",
        "cwctype": "cpp",
        "unordered_map": "cpp",
        "vector": "cpp",
        "exception": "cpp",
        "fstream": "cpp",
        "functional": "cpp",
        "initializer_list": "cpp",
        "iosfwd": "cpp",
        "istream": "cpp",
        "limits": "cpp",
        "new": "cpp",
        "sstream": "cpp",
        "stdexcept": "cpp",
        "streambuf": "cpp",
        "tuple": "cpp",
        "type_traits": "cpp",
        "utility": "cpp",
        "deque": "cpp",
        "queue": "cpp",
        "atomic": "cpp",
        "cmath": "cpp",
        "cstddef": "cpp",
        "algorithm": "cpp",
        "map": "cpp",
        "memory": "cpp",
        "memory_resource": "cpp",
        "optional": "cpp",
        "string": "cpp",
        "string_view": "cpp",
        "system_error": "cpp"
    }
}

c_cpp_properties.json代码：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "D:\\developenvc\\devcpp\\Dev-Cpp\\MinGW32\\bin\\g++.exe",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++14",
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

此文件内容来自于Microsoft/vscode-cpptools；这个json不允许有注释（其实按照标准本来就不能有）。

Windows下的路径为反斜杠，原本应使用两个反斜杠来转义，但直接用斜杠在VS Code中也接受。

关于VS Code输出会出现乱码，很多人都遇到过。这是因为VS Code内部用的是utf-8编码，cmd/powershell是gbk编码。直接编译，会把“你好”输出成“浣犲ソ”。

其实可以点右下角 选Reopen with Encoding 选Chinese GBK 就可以正常输入中文了，而且输出也是正常的
还可以在设置里搜索encode，把files.encoding改成gbk，而且最好把files.autoGuessEncoding也改成true