Servlet与Http_Request&Response_代码

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-17 14:54:50 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-09-17 14:54:50 发布

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分类专栏：学习笔记文章标签： servlet request http

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41953807/article/details/106372603

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前言

根据理论,编写demo进行验证
文件上传下载的文件名（可能含有中文）通过请求头和响应头传递；但考虑浏览器版本不同，需要设置不同的编码和解码方案。

一、Servlet简单示例

Servlet接口的简单实现类, 不使用web.xml配置,而使用servlet3.0支持的注解@WebServlet配置.
@WebServlet("/demo1")相当于web.xml中

<!--配置Servlet-->
		 <!--在web.xml中配置：-->
	    <!--配置Servlet -->
	    <servlet>
	        <servlet-name>servletDemo1</servlet-name>
	        <servlet-class>cn.itcast.web.servlet.ServletDemo1</servlet-class>
	    </servlet>
	
	    <servlet-mapping>
	        <servlet-name>servletDemo1</servlet-name>
	        <url-pattern>/demo1</url-pattern>
	    </servlet-mapping>

关于 <load-on-startup>的注解等效替换待补充.

package cn.itcast.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import java.io.IOException;


@WebServlet("/demo1")
public class ServletDemo1 implements Servlet {


    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo1....");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}


//关于GenericServlet 抽象类的简单示例,(没什么用),就一个service方法需要实现,其他空实现
class ServletDemo2 extends javax.servlet.GenericServlet {
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo2.....");
    }
}

//关于HttpServlet接口  的简单实现,(常用),有doGet doPost
/**
 * Servlet路径配置, 有3种
 */
//@WebServlet({"/d4","/dd4","/ddd4"})
//@WebServlet("/user/demo4")
//@WebServlet("/user/*")
//@WebServlet("/*")
@WebServlet("*.do")
class ServletDemo3 extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doGet....");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doPost...");
    }
}

二、HttpServletRequest 常用方法示例

关于HttpServletRequest的常用方法, 重点关注post请求体数据流乱码解决+Enumeration类的迭代获取请求头+ServletContext 理解+URI vs URL+根据请求头内容防盗链/处理浏览器兼容问题.

package cn.itcast.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 演示Request对象获取请求行数据
 */

@WebServlet("/requestDemo1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
	 	//演示获取请求头数据
        //1.获取所有请求头名称
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        //2.遍历
        while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            //根据名称获取请求头的值
            String value = request.getHeader(name);
            System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
        }
        
        //演示获取请求头数据:user-agent
        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //判断agent的浏览器版本
        if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
            //谷歌
            System.out.println("谷歌来了...");
        }else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
            //火狐
            System.out.println("火狐来了...");
        }

   		//获取请求消息体--请求参数
        //1.获取字符流
        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        //2.读取数据
        String line = null;
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
            System.out.println(line);
        }

        //post 获取请求参数
        //根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
       /* System.out.println("post");
        System.out.println(username);*/
       //根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
        String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
        /*for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }*/
        //获取所有请求的参数名称
        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
        /*while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
            String value = request.getParameter(name);
            System.out.println(value);
            System.out.println("----------------");
        }*/
        // 获取所有参数的map集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
        //遍历
        Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
        for (String name : keyset) {
            //获取键获取值
            String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
            System.out.println(name);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.println(value);
            }
            System.out.println("-----------------");
        }

        //1.设置流的编码(主要是post请求的乱码,get请求的乱码已被tomcat8解决)
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //获取请求参数username
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);

		//测试请求转发
       System.out.println("demo8888被访问了。。。");
        //转发到demo9资源
/*
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9");
        requestDispatcher.forward(request,response);
        */
        //存储数据到request域中
        request.setAttribute("msg","hello");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);
        //request.getRequestDispatcher("http://www.itcast.cn").forward(request,response);
        //获取数据
        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
        System.out.println("demo9999被访问了。。。");

		//测试获取servlet的上下文,据目前理解,上下文中至少包含"上一级访问url路径"
 		ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();
        System.out.println(servletContext);

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*
            1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
                * String getMethod()
            2. (*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
                * String getContextPath()
            3. 获取Servlet路径: /requestDemo1
                * String getServletPath()
            4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
                * String getQueryString()
            5. (*)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
                * String getRequestURI():		/day14/requestDemo1
                * StringBuffer getRequestURL()  :http://localhost/day14/requestDemo1
            6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
                * String getProtocol()

            7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
                * String getRemoteAddr()

         */
        //1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);
        //2.(*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);
        //3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        System.out.println(servletPath);
        //4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);
        //5.(*)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURI);
        System.out.println(requestURL);
        //6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println(protocol);
        //7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println(remoteAddr);

 		//演示获取请求头数据:referer
        String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
        System.out.println(referer);//http://localhost/day14/login.html
        //防盗链
        if(referer != null ){
            if(referer.contains("/day14")){
                //正常访问
               // System.out.println("播放电影....");
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("播放电影....");
            }else{
                //盗链
                //System.out.println("想看电影吗？来优酷吧...");
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("想看电影吗？来优酷吧...");
            }
        }
    }
}

三、关于Response+ServletContext+验证码+文件下载代码

代码过多，决定放git上方便查看

1.文件下载的文件名编码工具类DownLoadUtils ：

主要是火狐特殊一点，需要BASE64Encoder 编码，其他的用URLEncoder足以应付。

package cn.itcast.web.utils;

import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;


public class DownLoadUtils {

    public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
            // IE浏览器
            filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
            filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
        } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
            // 火狐浏览器
            BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
            filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
        } else {
            // 其它浏览器
            filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
        }
        return filename;
    }
}

2. 使用工具类的下载示例DownloadServlet ：

package cn.itcast.web.download;

import cn.itcast.web.utils.DownLoadUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取请求参数，文件名称
        String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
        //2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
        //2.1找到文件服务器路径
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
        //2.2用字节流关联
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);

        //3.设置response的响应头
        //3.1设置响应头类型：content-type
        String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mime类型
        response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
        //3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition

        //解决中文文件名问题
        //1.获取user-agent请求头、
        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //2.使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
        filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);

        response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
        //4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len = 0;
        while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
            sos.write(buff,0,len);
        }

        fis.close();


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

3.然后有说万能的编码的ISO-8859-1，估计是了

/**
 * 获取客户端浏览器类型、编码下载文件名
 * 
 * @param request
 * @param fileName
 * @return String
 */
public static String encodeFileName(HttpServletRequest request, String fileName) {
    String userAgent = request.getHeader("User-Agent");
    String rtn = "";
    try {
        String new_filename = URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF8");
        // 如果没有UA，则默认使用IE的方式进行编码，因为毕竟IE还是占多数的
        rtn = "filename=\"" + new_filename + "\"";
        if (userAgent != null) {
            userAgent = userAgent.toLowerCase();
            // IE浏览器，只能采用URLEncoder编码
            if (userAgent.indexOf("msie") != -1) {
                rtn = "filename=\"" + new_filename + "\"";
            }
            // Opera浏览器只能采用filename*
            else if (userAgent.indexOf("opera") != -1) {
                rtn = "filename*=UTF-8''" + new_filename;
            }
            // Safari浏览器，只能采用ISO编码的中文输出
            else if (userAgent.indexOf("safari") != -1) {
                rtn = "filename=\"" + new String(fileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO8859-1") + "\"";
            }
            // Chrome浏览器，只能采用MimeUtility编码或ISO编码的中文输出
            else if (userAgent.indexOf("applewebkit") != -1) {
                new_filename = MimeUtility.encodeText(fileName, "UTF8", "B");
                rtn = "filename=\"" + new_filename + "\"";
            }
            // FireFox浏览器，可以使用MimeUtility或filename*或ISO编码的中文输出
            else if (userAgent.indexOf("mozilla") != -1) {
                rtn = "filename*=UTF-8''" + new_filename;
            }
        }
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return rtn;
}


response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
boolean isMSIE = HttpUtils.isMSBrowser(request);
if (isMSIE) {
//IE浏览器的乱码问题解决
    fileName = URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8");
} else {
    //万能乱码问题解决
    fileName = new String(fileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO-8859-1");
}

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Servlet与Http_Request&Response_代码

Servlet接口的简单实现类, 不使用web.xml配置,而使用servlet3.0支持的注解@WebServlet配置.关于HttpServletRequest的常用方法, 重点关注post请求体数据流乱码解决+Enumeration类的迭代获取请求头+ServletContext 理解+URI vs URL+根据请求头内容防盗链/处理浏览器兼容问题.
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