花里胡哨系列之Mybatis源码---缓存机制(六)

一.缓存机制介绍

      在默认情况下,Mybatis会启用缓存,俗称一级缓存,没办法关闭的。。 当然可以配置缓存,俗称二级缓存。当初学Mybatis的时候,视频里的老师说一级缓存的生命周期是整个SqlSession,二级缓存的生命周期是整个Mapper.xml ,云里雾里的。接下来以源码的角度看看缓存是如何运作的吧。

      Mybatis在查询的时候,会先查二级缓存,如果没有,再查一级缓存。就以sql执行流程开始分析。

二.缓存分析

     SqlSession是sql执行的关键,SqlSession里面的 Executor 是缓存的关键。先来回顾一下SqlSession的创建过程:

DefaultSqlSessionFactory:
private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
  Transaction tx = null;
  try {
    final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();
    final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
    //创建事务管理器
    tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);
    //创建执行器
    final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType);
    return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()
    throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session.  Cause: " + e, e);
  } finally {
    ErrorContext.instance().reset();
  }
}
Configuration:
public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {
  executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
  executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
  Executor executor;
  if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {//批量执行器
    executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
  } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
    executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
  } else {
    executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
  }
  //是否开启二级缓存,包装类装饰,默认开启
  if (cacheEnabled) {
    executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);
  }
  //插件
  executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
  return executor;
}

      默认情况下,都会用 CachingExecutor包装一下,接下来关注CachingExecutor的query方法

      CachingExecutor:

public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
  BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameterObject);
  //创建cacheKey
  CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, boundSql);
  return query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}

      Mybatis是如何判断多次请求该用相同的缓存呢?答案是 CacheKey,看看创建过程:

BaseExecutor
/**
 * 1. 传入的 statementId
 *
 * 2. 查询时要求的结果集中的结果范围 (结果的范围通过rowBounds.offset和rowBounds.limit表示);
 *
 * 3. 这次查询所产生的最终要传递给JDBC java.sql.Preparedstatement的Sql语句字符串(boundSql.getSql() )
 *
 * 4. 传递给java.sql.Statement要设置的参数值
 * 4者相同,表明可以使用相同的一级缓存
 * @param ms
 * @param parameterObject
 * @param rowBounds
 * @param boundSql
 * @return
 */
@Override
public CacheKey createCacheKey(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, BoundSql boundSql) {
  if (closed) {
    throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
  }
  CacheKey cacheKey = new CacheKey();
  //statementId
  cacheKey.update(ms.getId());
  //rowBound.offset
  cacheKey.update(rowBounds.getOffset());
  //limit
  cacheKey.update(rowBounds.getLimit());
  //sql语句
  cacheKey.update(boundSql.getSql());
  List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappings = boundSql.getParameterMappings();
  TypeHandlerRegistry typeHandlerRegistry = ms.getConfiguration().getTypeHandlerRegistry();
  // mimic DefaultParameterHandler logic
  for (ParameterMapping parameterMapping : parameterMappings) {
    if (parameterMapping.getMode() != ParameterMode.OUT) {
      Object value;
      String propertyName = parameterMapping.getProperty();
      if (boundSql.hasAdditionalParameter(propertyName)) {
        value = boundSql.getAdditionalParameter(propertyName);
      } else if (parameterObject == null) {
        value = null;
      } else if (typeHandlerRegistry.hasTypeHandler(parameterObject.getClass())) {
        value = parameterObject;
      } else {
        MetaObject metaObject = configuration.newMetaObject(parameterObject);
        value = metaObject.getValue(propertyName);
      }
      //将每一个要传递给JDBC的参数值也更新到CacheKey中
      cacheKey.update(value);
    }
  }
  if (configuration.getEnvironment() != null) {
    // issue #176
    cacheKey.update(configuration.getEnvironment().getId());
  }
  return cacheKey;
}
CacheKey:
public void update(Object object) {
  //得到对象的hashCode
  int baseHashCode = object == null ? 1 : ArrayUtil.hashCode(object);
  //对象计数器
  count++;
  checksum += baseHashCode;
  baseHashCode *= count;
  //计算hashCode,后续 equals()方法根据hashCode判断是否相等
  hashcode = multiplier * hashcode + baseHashCode;

  updateList.add(object);
}
public boolean equals(Object object) {
  if (this == object) {
    return true;
  }
  if (!(object instanceof CacheKey)) {
    return false;
  }

  final CacheKey cacheKey = (CacheKey) object;

  if (hashcode != cacheKey.hashcode) {
    return false;
  }
  if (checksum != cacheKey.checksum) {
    return false;
  }
  if (count != cacheKey.count) {
    return false;
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < updateList.size(); i++) {
    Object thisObject = updateList.get(i);
    Object thatObject = cacheKey.updateList.get(i);
    if (!ArrayUtil.equals(thisObject, thatObject)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

     关键问题解决了,接下来就要用到二级缓存了:

CachingExecutor:
@Override
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql)
    throws SQLException {
  //二级缓存,保存缓存数据,属于MappedStatement级别,<cache/>标签解析的结果
  Cache cache = ms.getCache();
  //从 MappedStatement 中获取 Cache,注意这里的 Cache不是CacheExecutor创建的
  //<cache/>
  if (cache != null) {
    flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
    if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
      ensureNoOutParams(ms, boundSql);
      //从二级缓存中获取数据
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key);
      if (list == null) {
        //在这里面会调用 BaseExecutor的query查询---》一级缓存 --》数据库
        list = delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
        //缓存结果,保存到cache当中,而不是 TransactionalCacheManager(tcm),
        tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116
      }
      return list;
    }
  }
  return delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}

      二级缓存关键代码: List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key);tcm是TransactionalCacheManager,可以理解为事务缓存管理器,为啥要戴上事务呢? 一起看看

 TransactionalCacheManager:

public Object getObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key) {
  //cache用TransactionalCache包装过了,取出缓存
  return getTransactionalCache(cache).getObject(key);
}
private TransactionalCache getTransactionalCache(Cache cache) {
  //将cache传入TransactionalCache进行包装,但是cache可能已经有数据了,cache是二级缓存
  return transactionalCaches.computeIfAbsent(cache, TransactionalCache::new);
}
public void putObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key, Object value) {
  //设置值到 缓存中
  getTransactionalCache(cache).putObject(key, value);
}
TransactionalCache:
@Override
public Object getObject(Object key) {
  // issue #116,从共享缓存中取数据
  Object object = delegate.getObject(key);
  if (object == null) {
    //未命中缓存,将key存入entriesMissedInCache
    entriesMissedInCache.add(key);
  }
  // issue #146
  if (clearOnCommit) {
    return null;
  } else {
    return object;
  }
}
@Override
public void putObject(Object key, Object object) {
  // 将键值对存入到 entriesToAddOnCommit 中,而非 delegate 缓存中
  entriesToAddOnCommit.put(key, object);
}

       可以看到,在TransactionalCache中,getObject 和 putObject 操作的变量不是同一个变量,这就是事务缓存的关键。

看看TransactionalCache中的字段

/**
 * 共享缓存,保证多个事务不会读到脏数据,但无法解决不可重复读
 */
private final Cache delegate;
private boolean clearOnCommit;
// 在事务被提交前,所有从数据库中查询的结果将缓存在此集合中(事务缓存)
private final Map<Object, Object> entriesToAddOnCommit;
// 在事务被提交前,当缓存未命中时,CacheKey 将会被存储在此集合中
private final Set<Object> entriesMissedInCache;

 对于未提交的事务,所有结果都会被暂时保存到entriesToAddOnCommit变量中,而delegate中才是真正保存事务提交后的数据。那么,数据是如何从 entriesToAddOnCommit ----> delegate 中的呢?触发条件是 SqlSession.commit() 方法

DefaultSqlSession:
public void commit(boolean force) {
  try {
    executor.commit(isCommitOrRollbackRequired(force));
    dirty = false;
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error committing transaction.  Cause: " + e, e);
  } finally {
    ErrorContext.instance().reset();
  }
}
CachingExecutor:
public void commit(boolean required) throws SQLException {
  //删除一级缓存中的数据
  delegate.commit(required);
  //刷新事务数据到二级缓存
  tcm.commit();
}
TransactionalCacheManager:
public void commit() {
  for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
    //刷数据到 真正的二级缓存
    txCache.commit();
  }
}
TransactionalCache:
public void commit() {
  if (clearOnCommit) {
    delegate.clear();
  }
  //数据迁移
  flushPendingEntries();
  reset();
}
/**
 * 事务提交时触发,避免读到脏数据
 */
private void flushPendingEntries() {
  //将entriesToAddOnCommit中的数据 放到 delegate中
  for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : entriesToAddOnCommit.entrySet()) {
    delegate.putObject(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
  }
  for (Object entry : entriesMissedInCache) {
    if (!entriesToAddOnCommit.containsKey(entry)) {
      //存 null
      delegate.putObject(entry, null);
    }
  }
}

       再来一张事务缓存示例图:

      二级缓存分析完,接下来分析一级缓存。当二级缓存中获取不到数据,这时候就来到了一级缓存

 BaseExecutor:

@Override
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
  ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId());
  if (closed) {
    throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
  }
  if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
    clearLocalCache();
  }
  List<E> list;
  try {
    queryStack++;
    //从一级缓存中获取缓存项,从这里可以看出 mybatis无法关闭一级缓存。。
    list = resultHandler == null ? (List<E>) localCache.getObject(key) : null;
    if (list != null) {
      handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
    } else {
      // 一级缓存未命中,则从数据库中查询,并存入缓存
      list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
    }
  } finally {
    queryStack--;
  }
  if (queryStack == 0) {
    // 从一级缓存中延迟加载嵌套查询结果??
    for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) {
      deferredLoad.load();
    }
    // issue #601
    deferredLoads.clear();
    /**
     * 一级缓存存在的弊端,在集群节点中,如果两台服务器上查询同一语句,此时缓存内容相同
     * 如果一台执行更新,重新查询后,会将更新后的数据存入缓存,此时两条服务器中的一级缓存
     * 内容不一致
     *
     * 通过设置 <settings>
     *   <setting name="localCacheScope",value="STATEMENT"/>,默认session
     * </settings>
     * 本地缓存将仅用于执行语句,对相同 SqlSession 的不同查询将不会进行缓存。
     *
     */
    if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) {
      // issue #482,清空缓存,此时一级缓存失效。。
      clearLocalCache();
    }
  }
  return list;
}
PerpetualCache:
private Map<Object, Object> cache = new HashMap<>();
public Object getObject(Object key) {
 //一级缓存,简单的 HashMap
  return cache.get(key);
}
public void putObject(Object key, Object value) {
  cache.put(key, value);
}

      一级缓存相对来说比较简单,就是一个HashMap,接下来研究一下一级缓存的生命周期,为什么说是基于SqlSession的的生命周期。一级缓存在BaseExecutor中,SqlSession没了,localCache不就没了嘛。。

protected BaseExecutor(Configuration configuration, Transaction transaction) {
  this.transaction = transaction;
  this.deferredLoads = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
  //一级缓存
  this.localCache = new PerpetualCache("LocalCache");
  this.localOutputParameterCache = new PerpetualCache("LocalOutputParameterCache");
  this.closed = false;
  this.configuration = configuration;
  this.wrapper = this;
}
DefaultSqlSession:
public void commit() {
  commit(false);
}

@Override
public void commit(boolean force) {
  try {
    executor.commit(isCommitOrRollbackRequired(force));
    dirty = false;
  } catch (Exception e) {
    throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error committing transaction.  Cause: " + e, e);
  } finally {
    ErrorContext.instance().reset();
  }
}
BaseExecutor:
@Override
public void commit(boolean required) throws SQLException {
  if (closed) {
    throw new ExecutorException("Cannot commit, transaction is already closed");
  }
  //清除一级缓存,因为 commit意味者sqlSession生命周期结束(但是可以主动调用commit)
  clearLocalCache();
  flushStatements();
  if (required) {
    transaction.commit();
  }
}
@Override
public void clearLocalCache() {
  if (!closed) {
    //清除一级缓存
    localCache.clear();
    localOutputParameterCache.clear();
  }
}

       二级缓存,是从 MappedStatement对象中拿出 Cache,在事务提交后数据还是会保存到Cache中。即使 SqlSession被销毁了,还是可以从MappedStatement中拿出来, Cache中的数据依旧保留。

CachingExecutor:
@Override
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql)
    throws SQLException {
  //二级缓存,保存缓存数据,属于MappedStatement级别,<cache/>标签解析的结果
  Cache cache = ms.getCache();
  //从 MappedStatement 中获取 Cache,注意这里的 Cache不是CacheExecutor创建的
  //<cache/>
  if (cache != null) {
    flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
    if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
      ensureNoOutParams(ms, boundSql);
      //从二级缓存中获取数据
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key);
      if (list == null) {
        //在这里面会调用 BaseExecutor的query查询---》一级缓存 --》数据库
        list = delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
        //缓存结果,保存到cache当中,而不是 TransactionalCacheManager(tcm),
        tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116
      }
      return list;
    }
  }
  return delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}

三.总结

    缓存机制总体来说还是比较简单的,在实际开发中,一般是不会使用Mybatis的二级缓存的。更多的是在业务层使用其他Nosql。

    二级缓存是基于一个Mapper.xml文件的,当一个Mapper中的sql有涉及到连表查询,而另一个Mapper中涉及到相关表的更新,插入操作,这样缓存中的数据会不同步。当然,这种情况可以用<cache-ref>解决,多个Mapper指向同一个缓存,这样无疑加粗了缓存的粒度,任何更新/插入/删除 操作都会清空缓存,导致命中率下降。

    上一张流程图:

  

   结语:寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚 !(无病呻吟!嘿嘿)

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