Java-web笔记之Servlet

概念

我们在一个Servlet中通过servlerContext对象保存（set）的数据，可以在另一个servlet通过servlerContext对象get到。

ServletContext官方叫servlet上下文。服务器会为每一个工程创建一个对象，这个对象就是ServletContext对象。这个对象全局唯一，而且工程内部的所有servlet都共享这个对象。所以叫全局应用程序共享对象。

1. 是一个域对象
2. 可以读取全局配置参数
3. 可以搜索当前工程目录下面的资源文件
4. 可以获取当前工程名字（了解）

遇到的问题

未能成功get到set后的值
需注意以下几点

• 设置doGet和doPost
• 因为是getc调用hello中的内容，所以必须先调用一下hello,再调用getc
• servlet类似一个存放全局参数的地方

功能一：共享数据

package com.ran.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //this.getInitParameter(); 初始化参数
        //this.getServletConfig();  servlet配置
        //this.getServletContext(); servlet上下文
        ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();

        String admin="大丁";//数据
        context.setAttribute("username",admin);//将后面的username放进了前面的里面

        //System.out.println("hello");
    }
}

getc部分

package com.ran.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
        String username=(String)context.getAttribute("username");


        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

需要注意的全局配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">
    <!--Hello-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.ran.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.ran.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

功能二：获取初始化参数

web部分

    <!--配置一些web应用初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://local:3306/mybaits</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getdb</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.ran.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getdb</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getdb</url-pattern>

web部分

package com.ran.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

页面

功能三：请求转发

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/getdb");//转发请求的路径
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);//调用forward实现请求转发
    }

实现后页面会跳转到上一节内容的界面
重定向与请求转发的区别

功能四：读取资源文件

Properties

• 在java目录下新建properties
• 在resources目录下新建properties
  发现：都被打包到了同一个路径下：classes，我们俗称这个路径为classpath:
  
  注意这里位置的起始位置
  
  文件内容

name:ding
age:24

需要用到文件流

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream is =this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/ran/servlet/test.properties");

        Properties prop=new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String user=prop.getProperty("name");
        String pwd=prop.getProperty("age");

        resp.getWriter().print(user+":"+pwd);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}