python-day06-difflib内置模块之文本对比

一、什么是difflib?用来做什么？

difflib为python的标准库模块，无需安装。
作用时对比文本之间的差异。
并且支持输出可读性比较强的HTML文档，与Linux下的diff 命令相似。
在版本控制方面非常有用。

二、符号理解

符号	含义
-	包在第一个系列行中，但不包含第二个
+	包含在第二个系列行中，但不包含第一个
’ ’	两个系列一致
‘?’	存在增量差异
^	存在差异字符

三、例子对比

import difflib
text1 = """
1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
2. Explicit is better than implicit.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complex is better than complicated.
""".splitlines(keepends=True)
#splitlines()按行进行分割,返回一个包含各个行作为元素的列表
# 参数:
# keepends=False 不包含换行符
# keepends=True 保留换行符
text2 = """
1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
3.   Simple is better than complex.
4. Complicated is better than complex.
5. Flat is better than nested.
""".splitlines(keepends=False)
d = difflib.Differ()
print(''.join(list(d.compare(text1,text2))))

四、例子对比–网页版

import difflib
text1 = """
1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
2. Explicit is better than implicit.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complex is better than complicated.
""".splitlines(keepends=True)
text2 = """
1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
3.   Simple is better than complex.
4. Complicated is better than complex.
5. Flat is better than nested.
""".splitlines(keepends=False)
d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(text1,text2) #生成html文件
print(htmlContent)

但是生成的代码不方便用户查看，可以通过网页查看
牛刀小试：
练习1：
linux文件之间的对比

import difflib
filename1 = '/opt/passwd11'
filename2 = '/opt/passwd'
with open(filename1) as f1, open(filename2) as f2:
    content1=f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
    content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
d=difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlcontent=d.make_file(content1,content2)
with open('passwddiff.html','w') as f:
    f.write(htmlcontent)

练习2：

import os
from datetime import date
from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta

print(date.today())
print(datetime.now())
# 如何计算三天前的时间和三天后的时间
d = date.today()
delta = timedelta(days=3)
print(d + delta)
print(d - delta)

# 如何计算两个小时前的时间和两个小时后的时间
now_hour = datetime.now()
delta = timedelta(hours=2)
print(now_hour - delta)
print(now_hour + delta)

练习3：
如何返回两个时间，计算两个时间之间的时间差

import os
from datetime import date
from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta

now_time = datetime.now()
print(now_time)
pwd_time = os.path.getmtime('/etc/passwd')
print(pwd_time)
pwd_time_obj = datetime.fromtimestamp(pwd_time)
print(pwd_time_obj)
delta = now_time - pwd_time_obj
print(delta)