字符串的学习

字符串的学习记录

strlen

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char str[] = "I love c";
    // sizeof str 包含字符串最后的结束字符
    printf("sizeof str = %d\n", sizeof(str));
    // strlen str 查看字符串中字符个数
    printf("strlen str = %d\n", strlen(str));

    return 0;
}

strcpy

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char str1[] = "Original String";
    char str2[] = "New String";
    char str3[100];
    // 小空间字符串赋值给大空间字符串成功，反之，出错
    strcpy(str1, str2);
    strcpy(str3, "Copy Successful");

    printf("str1: %s\n", str1);
    printf("str2: %s\n", str2);
    printf("str3: %s\n", str3);
    return 0;
}

strncpy

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char str1[] = "To be or not to be";
    char str2[40];

    strncpy(str2, str1, 5);
    // 5个字符中不包含结束符，需要后续添加结束符
    // "" 中是字符串 ''中是字符 
    str2[5] = '\0';
    printf("str2: %s\n", str2);
    
    return 0;
}

strcat strncat

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char str1[] = "I love";
    char str2[] = "c.com";

    strcat(str1, " ");
    // strcat(str1, str2); 与下一行结果相同
    // strncat 与 strcpy 不同：
    // strncat 自动添加'\0'，不需要后续添加
    strncat(str1, str2, 5);
    printf("str1: %s\n", str1);
}

strcmp strncmp

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char str1[] = "I love c";
    char str2[] = "I love c1";
    // if(!strcmp(str1, str2))
    if (!strncmp(str1, str2, 5))
    {
        printf("两个字符串完全一致！\n");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("两个字符串存在差异！\n");
    }
    
    return 0;
}