结构体

结构体

//
// Created by a1073 on 2019/7/6.
//

#include <stdio.h>
struct Book{
    char title[128];
    char author[40];
    float price;
    unsigned int date;
    char publisher[40];
}book;
/*
 * 在结构处声明变量 此变量是一个全局变量
 * 如果在main函数声明变量
 * struct Book book;
 * 此时book为局部变量*/

int main(void) {
    printf("请输入书名：\n");
    scanf("%s", book.title);
    printf("请输入作者名：\n");
    scanf("%s", book.author);
    printf("请输入价格：\n");
    scanf("%f", &book.price);
    printf("请输入日期：\n");
    scanf("%d", &book.date);
    printf("请输入出版社：\n");
    scanf("%s", book.publisher);

    printf("============数据录入完毕===========\n");

    printf("书名：%s\n", book.title);
    printf("作者名：%s\n", book.author);
    printf("价格：%.2f\n", book.price);
    printf("日期：%d\n", book.date);
    printf("出版社：%s\n", book.publisher);
    return 0;
}

结构体初始化

//
// Created by a1073 on 2019/7/6.
//

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    struct A {
        char a;
        int b;
        char c;
    } a = {'x', 520, 'o'};

    printf("a.a = %c, a.b = %d, a.c = %c\n", a.a, a.b, a.c);
    printf("sizeof(a) = %d\n", sizeof(a));
    /*
     * 内存对齐*/
    return 0;
}

结构体嵌套

//
// Created by a1073 on 2019/7/6.
//

#include <stdio.h>

struct Date {
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;
};

struct Book {
    char name[48];
    struct Date date;
} book = {
        "c语言从入门到放弃",
        {2019, 07, 06}
};
/*
 * 结构体的嵌套
 * 结构体的嵌套初始化*/

int main(void) {
    printf("%s\n", book.name);
    printf("%d-%d-%d\n", book.date.year, book.date.month, book.date.day);
    return 0;
}

结构体指针

//
// Created by a1073 on 2019/7/6.
//

#include <stdio.h>

/*
 * .运算符 结构体对象调用结构体成员
 * ->运算符 结构体指针调用结构体成员
 * 结构体指针使用方法：
 * (*结构体指针).结构体成员
 * 结构体指针->结构体成员
 * 二者相同*/

struct Time {
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;
} time = {1998, 1, 1};

int main(void) {
    struct Time *pt;
    pt = &time;
    printf("%d\n", (*pt).day);
    printf("%d\n", pt->day);
    return 0;
}

结构体之间赋值

//
// Created by a1073 on 2019/7/7.
//

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    struct Test{
        int x;
        int y;
    }t1, t2;
    t1.x = 1;
    t1.y = 2;
    t2 = t1;
    /*
     * 两个结构之间可以赋值*/
    printf("t2.x = %d, t2.y = %d\n", t2.x, t2.y);
    return 0;
}

传递结构体参数

//
// Created by a1073 on 2019/7/7.
//

#include <stdio.h>

struct Date6{
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;
};

struct Book6{
    char title[48];
    struct Date6 date6;
};

struct Book6 getInput(struct Book6 book6){
    printf("请输入时间\n");
    scanf("%d-%d-%d",&book6.date6.year,&book6.date6.month,&book6.date6.day);
    printf("请输入书名\n");
    scanf("%s", book6.title);
    return book6;
}

int main(void) {
    struct Book6 b1, b2;
    printf("请录入第一本书籍信息！\n");
    b1 = getInput(b1);
    printf("%d-%d-%d %s\n", b1.date6.year, b1.date6.month, b1.date6.day, b1.title);
    printf("请录入第二本书籍信息！\n");
    b2 = getInput(b2);
    printf("%d-%d-%d %s\n", b2.date6.year, b2.date6.month, b2.date6.day, b2.title);
    return 0;
}

传入结构体变量是程序开销变大，尽量使用指针参数

传递结构体指针参数

//
// Created by a1073 on 2019/7/7.
//

#include <stdio.h>

struct Date6{
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;
};

struct Book6{
    char title[48];
    struct Date6 date6;
};

void getInput(struct Book6 *book6){
    printf("请输入时间\n");
    scanf("%d-%d-%d",&book6->date6.year,&book6->date6.month,&book6->date6.day);
    printf("请输入书名\n");
    scanf("%s", book6->title);
}

int main(void) {
    struct Book6 b1, b2;
    printf("请录入第一本书籍信息！\n");
    getInput(&b1);
    printf("%d-%d-%d %s\n", b1.date6.year, b1.date6.month, b1.date6.day, b1.title);
    printf("请录入第二本书籍信息！\n");
    getInput(&b2);
    printf("%d-%d-%d %s\n", b2.date6.year, b2.date6.month, b2.date6.day, b2.title);
    return 0;
}

与上一个程序进行对比

动态申请结构体

//
// Created by a1073 on 2019/7/7.
//

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Date6{
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;
};

struct Book6{
    char title[48];
    struct Date6 date6;
};

void getInput(struct Book6 *book6){
    printf("请输入时间\n");
    scanf("%d-%d-%d",&book6->date6.year,&book6->date6.month,&book6->date6.day);
    printf("请输入书名\n");
    scanf("%s", book6->title);
}

int main(void) {
    struct Book6 *b1, *b2;
    b1 = (struct Book6 *)malloc(sizeof(struct Book6));
    b2 = (struct Book6 *)malloc(sizeof(struct Book6));
    if (b1 == NULL || b2 == NULL){
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("请录入第一本书籍信息！\n");
    getInput(b1);
    printf("%d-%d-%d %s\n", b1->date6.year, b1->date6.month, b1->date6.day, b1->title);
    printf("请录入第二本书籍信息！\n");
    getInput(b2);
    printf("%d-%d-%d %s\n", b2->date6.year, b2->date6.month, b2->date6.day, b2->title);
    free(b1);
    free(b2);
    return 0;
}