目录
1、简介
Gui的核心技术:Swing ,AWT
这个技术将要被淘汰:1.因为界面不美观;2.需要jre环境!
为什么我们要学习?
- 可以写出自己心中想要的一些工具
- 工作时候,也可能需要维护到Swing界面,概率极小
- 了解MVC架构,了解监听
2、AWT
2.1AWT介绍
1、包含了很多类和接口
2、元素:窗口、按钮、文本框
3、java.awt
2.2组件和容器
2.2.1、Frame
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame=new Frame("我的第一个JAVA图像界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色
frame.setBackground(new Color(76, 232, 242));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
问题:发现窗口关闭不掉,停止JAVA程序
尝试回顾封装:
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口 new
MyFrame myframe1=new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.red);
MyFrame myframe2=new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.blue);
MyFrame myframe3=new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.pink);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id=0;
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("MyFrame"+(++id));//设置窗口名
setBackground(color);//设置颜色
setBounds(x, y, w, h);//设置起始位置和宽高
setVisible(true);//设置可见性
}
}
2.2.2、面板panel
解决了关闭事件
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
//panel可以看成是一个空间,但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame= new Frame();
//布局的概念
Panel panel=new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);//设置坐标
frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));//设置颜色
//panel设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
//frame.add(panel)
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
//适配器模式:
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.2.3布局管理器
- 流式布局
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame=new Frame();
//组件 按钮
Button button1=new Button("button1");
Button button2=new Button("button2");
Button button3=new Button("button3");
//设置为流式布局
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());//按钮居中
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//按钮居左
frame.setSize(200,200);//设置宽高
//把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口监听
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
- 东西南北中
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame fram=new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button east=new Button("east");
Button west=new Button("west");
Button south=new Button("south");
Button north=new Button("north");
Button center=new Button("center");
fram.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
fram.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
fram.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
fram.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
fram.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
fram.setVisible(true);
fram.setSize(200,200);
}
}
- 表格布局
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame =new Frame();
Button btn1=new Button("btn1");
Button btn2=new Button("btn2");
Button btn3=new Button("btn3");
Button btn4=new Button("btn4");
Button btn5=new Button("btn5");
Button btn6=new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.pack();//JAVA函数,窗口大小自动填充
}
}
练习:
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
public class ExDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame fram=new Frame("布局管理器练习");
fram.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
//四个面板
Panel p1=new Panel(new BorderLayout());//上面面板
Panel p2=new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));//上中面板
Panel p3=new Panel(new BorderLayout());//下面面板
Panel p4=new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));//下中面板
p1.add(new Button("botton"),BorderLayout.EAST);//上右按钮
p1.add(new Button("button"),BorderLayout.WEST);//上左按钮
p2.add(new Button("button"));//上中按钮
p2.add(new Button("button"));//上中按钮
p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);//上中面板
p4.add(new Button("button"));//下中按钮
p4.add(new Button("button"));//下种按钮
p4.add(new Button("button"));//下中按钮
p4.add(new Button("button"));//下中按钮
p3.add(new Button("button"),BorderLayout.WEST);//下左按钮
p3.add(new Button("button"),BorderLayout.EAST);//下右按钮
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);//下中面板
fram.add(p1);//上面板
fram.add(p3);//下面板
fram.setSize(200,200);
fram.setVisible(true);
}
}
总结:
1.Frame是一个顶级窗口
2.Panel无法直接显示,必须添加到某个容器中
3.布局管理器
- 流式
- 东西南北中
- 表格
4.大小、定位、背景颜色、可见性、监听
2.2.4事件监听
很多个按钮共享一个事件监听
2.2.5输入框TextField监听
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TextInput {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动
MyFrame01 myFrame01=new MyFrame01();
}
}
class MyFrame01 extends Frame{
public MyFrame01(){
TextField textFild=new TextField();
add(textFild);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2=new MyActionListener2();
textFild.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置替换编码
textFild.setEchoChar('*');
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field =(TextField)e.getSource();//获得一些资源
System.out.println(field.getText());//获取输入框中的文本
}
}
2.2.6简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾练习
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalculat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator(){
//3个文本框
TextField num1= new TextField(10);
TextField num2= new TextField(10);
TextField num3= new TextField(10);
//1个按钮
Button button= new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MycalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
//1个标签
Label label=new Label("+");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MycalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
public MycalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
this.num1=num1;
this.num2=num2;
this.num3=num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1。获得加数和被加数
int n1= Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2=Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3清除前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
面向对象写法:
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalculat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
TextField num1,num2,num3;
public Calculator(){
//3个文本框
num1= new TextField(10);
num2= new TextField(10);
num3= new TextField(10);
//1个按钮
Button button= new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MycalculatorListener(this));
//1个标签
Label label=new Label("+");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//监听器类
class MycalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取计算器这个对象,在一个类中组合例外一个类
Calculator calculator=null;
public MycalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
this.calculator=calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1。获得加数和被加数
int n1= Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
int n2=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
//2.将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3清除前两个框
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
}
}
内部类实现:
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalculat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
TextField num1,num2,num3;
public Calculator(){
//3个文本框
num1= new TextField(10);
num2= new TextField(10);
num3= new TextField(10);
//1个按钮
Button button= new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MycalculatorListener());
//1个标签
Label label=new Label("+");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
//监听器类
private class MycalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1。获得加数和被加数
int n1= Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2=Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3清除前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
}
2.2.7画笔
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Mypaint().loadFram();
}
}
class Mypaint extends Frame{
public void loadFram(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画笔需要有颜色,画笔可以画画
g.setColor(Color.red);//设置颜色
//g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);//画一个圆距离窗口顶端:x=100,y=100
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//画一个实心的圆
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);//画一个矩形
//养成习惯,画笔用完将它还原到最初的颜色(黑色)
}
}
2.2.8鼠标监听
画图:
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame03("画图");
}
}
class MyFrame03 extends Frame {
ArrayList points;
//画面需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储位置
public MyFrame03(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(200, 200, 400, 300);
//存鼠标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
setVisible(true);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画,监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.fillOval(point.x, point.y, 10, 10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上
public void addPoint(Point point) {
points.add(point);
}
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
//鼠标 按下、弹起、按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame03 frame = (MyFrame03) e.getSource();
//拿到鼠标点击的时候产生的点
frame.addPoint (new Point(e.getX(), e.getY()));
//每次点击鼠标都要重新画一次
frame.repaint();
}
}
}
2.2.9窗口监听
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.blue);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);//正常退出
}
});
}
}
2.2.10键盘监听
package guitest;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new keyFrame();
}
}
class keyFrame extends Frame{
public keyFrame(){
setBounds(1,2,300,400);
setVisible(true);
//设置键盘监听
addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获取按下的键当前的码
int keycode=e.getKeyCode();
//判断按下的键是否为向下键
if(keycode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
System.out.println("你按下了上键");
}
}
});
}
}
3、Swing
3.1窗口
package Swings;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
//init()初始化
public void init(){
JFrame frame=new JFrame("这是一个JFframe窗口");
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
//获得容器,设置颜色
frame.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.pink);
//设置文字JLabel
JLabel label=new JLabel("欢迎来到JFrame");
//设置文字水平居中
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
frame.add(label);
//关闭事件
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JFrameDemo().init();
}
}
3.2弹窗
package Swings;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo(){
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(700,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame放东西 容器
Container container=this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton button=new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);//设置按钮的位置
container.add(button);
//点击这个按钮的时候弹出一个弹窗
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//弹窗
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo(){
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,400,200);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container= this.getContentPane();
//container.setLayout(null);
container.add(new JLabel("游戏规则说明如下:---"));
}
}
3.3标签
Label
new Label("xxx")
package Swings;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图标需要实现类,Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int height;
public IconDemo(){}//无参构造
public IconDemo(int width,int height){
this.width=width;
this.height=height;
}
public void init(){
IconDemo iconDemo=new IconDemo(15,15);
//图标可以放在标签上也可以放在按钮上
JLabel label= new JLabel("icontest",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container=getContentPane();
container.add(label);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
}
图片作为图标
package Swings;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo(){
JLabel label=new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url= ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("pt.png");
ImageIcon imageicon=new ImageIcon(url);
label.setIcon(imageicon);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container=getContentPane();
container.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
3.4普通面板、滚动面板
JPanel(普通面板) JScrollPanel(可以实现滚动条的面板)
3.5按钮、单选框、复选框
图片按钮
- 单选按钮
- 复选按钮
3.6下拉框、列表框
- 下拉框
- 列表框
3.7文本框、密码框、文本域
- 文本框
- 密码框
- 文本域