MySQL中使用IN会走索引吗

MySQL IN会不会走索引?

结论: MySQL优化器在发现执行全表扫描效率 > 索引的效率时,会选择全表扫描。

  1. 至于IN的数据量占全表的20%或30%以内会走索引,没有明确的答案。
  2. 根据优化器分析来选择查询成本更低的执行方式。

MySQL IN流程验证

mysql版本为5.7.34

CREATE TABLE `_default` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键id',
  `default_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '默认名称',
  `default_code` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '默认编码',
  `default_type` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '默认类型',
  `start_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开始时间',
  `end_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '结束时间',
  `status` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '状态(1:未发布, 2:已发布, 3:已生效, 4:已失效, 5:已作废)',
  `deleted` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否删除 0:否 1:是',
  `create_by` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '创建人',
  `create_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  `update_by` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新人',
  `update_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `uk_default_code` (`default_code`) USING BTREE,
  KEY `idx_status` (`status`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='_default';

-- 测试数据
INSERT INTO `_default` VALUES (1, 'test2024-07-29 13:56:03', 'DEFAULT23121410204', 1, '2023-08-11 14:35:41', '2023-08-11 14:35:41', 2, 0, '1', '2023-12-14 16:25:39', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `_default` VALUES (2, 'demoData', 'DEFAULT23121410205', 1, '2023-08-11 14:35:41', '2023-08-11 14:35:41', 2, 0, '1', '2023-12-14 16:25:40', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `_default` VALUES (3, 'demoData', 'DEFAULT23121410206', 1, '2023-08-11 14:35:41', '2023-08-11 14:35:41', 2, 0, '2', '2023-12-14 16:25:41', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `_default` VALUES (4, 'demoData', 'DEFAULT23121410207', 1, '2023-08-11 14:35:41', '2023-08-11 14:35:41', 2, 0, '1', '2023-12-14 16:25:42', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `_default` VALUES (5, 'demoData', 'DEFAULT23121410208', 1, '2023-08-11 14:35:41', '2023-08-11 14:35:41', 2, 0, '1', '2023-12-14 16:25:43', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `_default` VALUES (6, 'demoData', 'DEFAULT23121410209', 0, '2023-08-11 14:35:41', '2023-08-11 14:35:41', 2, 0, '1', '2023-12-14 16:27:09', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `_default` VALUES (7, 'demoData', 'DEFAULT23121410210', 0, '2023-08-11 14:35:41', '2023-08-11 14:35:41', 2, 0, '1', '2023-12-14 16:27:10', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `_default` VALUES (8, 'demoData', 'DEFAULT23121410211', 0, '2023-08-11 14:35:41', '2023-08-11 14:35:41', 2, 0, '1', '2023-12-14 16:27:11', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `_default` VALUES (9, 'demoData', 'DEFAULT23121410212', 0, '2023-08-11 14:35:41', '2023-08-11 14:35:41', 1, 0, '1', '2023-12-14 16:27:12', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `_default` VALUES (10, 'demoData', 'DEFAULT23121410213', 0, '2023-08-11 14:35:41', '2023-08-11 14:35:41', 1, 1, '1', '2023-12-14 16:27:13', NULL, NULL);

案例一

explain select * from _default where id in (1);

在这里插入图片描述

案例二

explain select * from _default where id in (1,2,3);

在这里插入图片描述
案例三

explain select * from _default where id in (1,2,3,4,5,6,7);

在这里插入图片描述
从上面三个案例可以看出案例一、案例二走了索引,案例三没有走索引。why?

MySQL TRACE解析

-- step1:查询mysql optimizer_trace是否开启,on为开启
show variables like 'optimizer_trace';
-- step2:若未开启,设置为开启
set optimizer_trace = 'enabled=on';

-- step3:需要注意查询sql和TRACE一起查询, 如果单独查询完再查询TRAC,查询结果为空
select * from _default where id in (1,2,3,4,5,6,7);
select TRACE from `information_schema`.`OPTIMIZER_TRACE`
	

案例一

{
	"steps": [
		{
			"join_preparation": {
				"select#": 1,
				"steps": [
					{
						"expanded_query": "/* select#1 */ select `_default`.`id` AS `id`,`_default`.`default_name` AS `default_name`,`_default`.`default_code` AS `default_code`,`_default`.`default_type` AS `default_type`,`_default`.`start_time` AS `start_time`,`_default`.`end_time` AS `end_time`,`_default`.`status` AS `status`,`_default`.`deleted` AS `deleted`,`_default`.`create_by` AS `create_by`,`_default`.`create_time` AS `create_time`,`_default`.`update_by` AS `update_by`,`_default`.`update_time` AS `update_time` from `_default` where (`_default`.`id` = 1)"
					}
				]
			}
		},
		{
			"join_optimization": { -- sql优化阶段
				"select#": 1,
				"steps": [
					{
						"condition_processing": {
							"condition": "WHERE",
							"original_condition": "(`_default`.`id` = 1)",
							"steps": [
								{
									"transformation": "equality_propagation",
									"resulting_condition": "multiple equal(1, `_default`.`id`)"
								},
								{
									"transformation": "constant_propagation",
									"resulting_condition": "multiple equal(1, `_default`.`id`)"
								},
								{
									"transformation": "trivial_condition_removal",
									"resulting_condition": "multiple equal(1, `_default`.`id`)"
								}
							]
						}
					},
					{
						"substitute_generated_columns": {}
					},
					{
						"table_dependencies": [
							{
								"table": "`_default`",
								"row_may_be_null": false,
								"map_bit": 0,
								"depends_on_map_bits": []
							}
						]
					},
					{
						"ref_optimizer_key_uses": [
							{
								"table": "`_default`",
								"field": "id",
								"equals": "1",
								"null_rejecting": false
							}
						]
					},
					{
						"rows_estimation": [
							{
								"table": "`_default`",
								"rows": 1,
								"cost": 1,
								"table_type": "const",
								"empty": false
							}
						]
					},
					{
						"condition_on_constant_tables": "1",
						"condition_value": true
					},
					{
						"attaching_conditions_to_tables": {
							"original_condition": "1",
							"attached_conditions_computation": [],
							"attached_conditions_summary": []
						}
					},
					{
						"refine_plan": []
					}
				]
			}
		},
		{
			"join_execution": {
				"select#": 1,
				"steps": []
			}
		}
	]
}

案例二

{
	"steps": [
		{
			"join_preparation": {
				"select#": 1,
				"steps": [
					{
						"IN_uses_bisection": true
					},
					{
						"expanded_query": "/* select#1 */ select `_default`.`id` AS `id`,`_default`.`default_name` AS `default_name`,`_default`.`default_code` AS `default_code`,`_default`.`default_type` AS `default_type`,`_default`.`start_time` AS `start_time`,`_default`.`end_time` AS `end_time`,`_default`.`status` AS `status`,`_default`.`deleted` AS `deleted`,`_default`.`create_by` AS `create_by`,`_default`.`create_time` AS `create_time`,`_default`.`update_by` AS `update_by`,`_default`.`update_time` AS `update_time` from `_default` where (`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3))"
					}
				]
			}
		},
		{
			"join_optimization": {
				"select#": 1,
				"steps": [
					{
						"condition_processing": {
							"condition": "WHERE",
							"original_condition": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3))",
							"steps": [
								{
									"transformation": "equality_propagation",
									"resulting_condition": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3))"
								},
								{
									"transformation": "constant_propagation",
									"resulting_condition": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3))"
								},
								{
									"transformation": "trivial_condition_removal",
									"resulting_condition": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3))"
								}
							]
						}
					},
					{
						"substitute_generated_columns": {}
					},
					{
						"table_dependencies": [
							{
								"table": "`_default`",
								"row_may_be_null": false,
								"map_bit": 0,
								"depends_on_map_bits": []
							}
						]
					},
					{
						"ref_optimizer_key_uses": []
					},
					{
						"rows_estimation": [
							{
								"table": "`_default`",
								"range_analysis": {
									"table_scan": {
										"rows": 26,
										"cost": 8.3
									},
									"potential_range_indexes": [
										{
											"index": "PRIMARY",
											"usable": true,
											"key_parts": [
												"id"
											]
										},
										{
											"index": "uk_default_code",
											"usable": false,
											"cause": "not_applicable"
										},
										{
											"index": "idx_status",
											"usable": false,
											"cause": "not_applicable"
										},
										{
											"index": "idx_default_name",
											"usable": false,
											"cause": "not_applicable"
										}
									],
									"setup_range_conditions": [],
									"group_index_range": {
										"chosen": false,
										"cause": "not_group_by_or_distinct"
									},
									"analyzing_range_alternatives": {
										"range_scan_alternatives": [
											{
												"index": "PRIMARY",
												"ranges": [
													"1 <= id <= 1",
													"2 <= id <= 2",
													"3 <= id <= 3"
												],
												"index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true,
												"rowid_ordered": true,
												"using_mrr": false,
												"index_only": false,
												"rows": 3,
												"cost": 3.6153,
												"chosen": true
											}
										],
										"analyzing_roworder_intersect": {
											"usable": false,
											"cause": "too_few_roworder_scans"
										}
									},
									"chosen_range_access_summary": {
										"range_access_plan": {
											"type": "range_scan",
											"index": "PRIMARY",
											"rows": 3,
											"ranges": [
												"1 <= id <= 1",
												"2 <= id <= 2",
												"3 <= id <= 3"
											]
										},
										"rows_for_plan": 3,
										"cost_for_plan": 3.6153,
										"chosen": true
									}
								}
							}
						]
					},
					{
						"considered_execution_plans": [
							{
								"plan_prefix": [],
								"table": "`_default`",
								"best_access_path": {
									"considered_access_paths": [
										{
											"rows_to_scan": 3,
											"access_type": "range",
											"range_details": {
												"used_index": "PRIMARY"
											},
											"resulting_rows": 3,
											"cost": 4.2153,
											"chosen": true
										}
									]
								},
								"condition_filtering_pct": 100,
								"rows_for_plan": 3,
								"cost_for_plan": 4.2153,
								"chosen": true
							}
						]
					},
					{
						"attaching_conditions_to_tables": {
							"original_condition": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3))",
							"attached_conditions_computation": [],
							"attached_conditions_summary": [
								{
									"table": "`_default`",
									"attached": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3))"
								}
							]
						}
					},
					{
						"refine_plan": [
							{
								"table": "`_default`"
							}
						]
					}
				]
			}
		},
		{
			"join_execution": {
				"select#": 1,
				"steps": []
			}
		}
	]
}

案例三

{
	"steps": [
		{
			"join_preparation": {
				"select#": 1,
				"steps": [
					{
						"IN_uses_bisection": true
					},
					{
						"expanded_query": "/* select#1 */ select `_default`.`id` AS `id`,`_default`.`default_name` AS `default_name`,`_default`.`default_code` AS `default_code`,`_default`.`default_type` AS `default_type`,`_default`.`start_time` AS `start_time`,`_default`.`end_time` AS `end_time`,`_default`.`status` AS `status`,`_default`.`deleted` AS `deleted`,`_default`.`create_by` AS `create_by`,`_default`.`create_time` AS `create_time`,`_default`.`update_by` AS `update_by`,`_default`.`update_time` AS `update_time` from `_default` where (`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3,4,5,6,7))"
					}
				]
			}
		},
		{
			"join_optimization": {
				"select#": 1,
				"steps": [
					{
						"condition_processing": {
							"condition": "WHERE",
							"original_condition": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3,4,5,6,7))",
							"steps": [
								{
									"transformation": "equality_propagation",
									"resulting_condition": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3,4,5,6,7))"
								},
								{
									"transformation": "constant_propagation",
									"resulting_condition": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3,4,5,6,7))"
								},
								{
									"transformation": "trivial_condition_removal",
									"resulting_condition": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3,4,5,6,7))"
								}
							]
						}
					},
					{
						"substitute_generated_columns": {}
					},
					{
						"table_dependencies": [
							{
								"table": "`_default`",
								"row_may_be_null": false,
								"map_bit": 0,
								"depends_on_map_bits": []
							}
						]
					},
					{
						"ref_optimizer_key_uses": []
					},
					{
						"rows_estimation": [ -- 预估表的访问成本 
							{
								"table": "`_default`",
								"range_analysis": {
									"table_scan": { -- 全表扫描的分析
										"rows": 26,	-- 扫描行数
										"cost": 8.3 -- 查询成本
									},
									"potential_range_indexes": [
										{
											"index": "PRIMARY",
											"usable": true,
											"key_parts": [
												"id"
											]
										},
										{
											"index": "uk_default_code",
											"usable": false,
											"cause": "not_applicable"
										},
										{
											"index": "idx_status",
											"usable": false,
											"cause": "not_applicable"
										},
										{
											"index": "idx_default_name",
											"usable": false,
											"cause": "not_applicable"
										}
									],
									"setup_range_conditions": [],
									"group_index_range": {
										"chosen": false,
										"cause": "not_group_by_or_distinct"
									},
									"analyzing_range_alternatives": { -- 分析各个索引使用成本
										"range_scan_alternatives": [
											{
												"index": "PRIMARY",
												"ranges": [		-- 索引使用范围
													"1 <= id <= 1",
													"2 <= id <= 2",
													"3 <= id <= 3",
													"4 <= id <= 4",
													"5 <= id <= 5",
													"6 <= id <= 6",
													"7 <= id <= 7"
												],
												"index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true,
												"rowid_ordered": true,
												"using_mrr": false,
												"index_only": false,
												"rows": 7,		 -- 扫描行数
												"cost": 8.4224,  -- 索引使用成本
												"chosen": false, -- 是否使用索引
												"cause": "cost"
											}
										],
										"analyzing_roworder_intersect": {
											"usable": false,
											"cause": "too_few_roworder_scans"
										}
									}
								}
							}
						]
					},
					{
						"considered_execution_plans": [
							{
								"plan_prefix": [],
								"table": "`_default`",
								"best_access_path": {
									"considered_access_paths": [
										{
											"rows_to_scan": 26,
											"access_type": "scan",
											"resulting_rows": 26,
											"cost": 6.2,
											"chosen": true
										}
									]
								},
								"condition_filtering_pct": 100,
								"rows_for_plan": 26,
								"cost_for_plan": 6.2,
								"chosen": true
							}
						]
					},
					{
						"attaching_conditions_to_tables": {
							"original_condition": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3,4,5,6,7))",
							"attached_conditions_computation": [],
							"attached_conditions_summary": [
								{
									"table": "`_default`",
									"attached": "(`_default`.`id` in (1,2,3,4,5,6,7))"
								}
							]
						}
					},
					{
						"refine_plan": [
							{
								"table": "`_default`"
							}
						]
					}
				]
			}
		},
		{
			"join_execution": {
				"select#": 1,
				"steps": []
			}
		}
	]
}

join_optimization.rows_estimation.range_analysis.table_scanjoin_optimization.rows_estimation.range_analysis.analyzing_range_alternatives
在这里插入图片描述
当索引使用成本 > 全表扫描的成本时就会选择全表扫描,全表rows为26,索引rows为7,为什么不用索引?

  • 如果是查所有数据,存在回表的情况,IN的越多回表成本越高
  • 如果是查询条件和返回字段相同并且存在索引的情况(覆盖索引),这种情况可能优化器是可能选择索引

system > const> eq_ref > ref > range > index > all

  1. system:只有一行记录。
  2. const:索引一次就找到了,主键和唯一索引。
  3. eq_ref:唯一的索引,表与表之间关联,关联条件为主键或唯一索引。
  4. ref:非唯一的索引,根据某个字段查询(有二级索引),存在多行数据。
  5. range:范围查询。
  6. index:查询索引树(覆盖索引的场景)。
  7. all:查询所有数据(与index的区别在于index只遍历索引树,all会在磁盘中查找)。

小结

到这里就结束啦,祝大家生活愉快!

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