1、如果主节点已经运行了一段时间，且有大量数据时，如何配置并启动slave节点（写出操作步骤）
主节点数据
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1 |
| db2 |
| db3 |
| db4 |
| db5 |
| db6 |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
11 rows in set (0.02 sec)
（1）在主节点对数据库进行完全备份，并拷贝到新的从节点。
[21:11:32 root@centos7 ~]#mysqldump -A -F --single-transaction --master-data=1 > /backup/fullbackup_`date +%F_%T`.sql
[21:11:44 root@centos7 ~]#ll /backup/
total 5636
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5768510 Oct 16 21:11 fullbackup_2020-10-16_21:11:44.sql
[21:11:47 root@centos7 ~]#scp /backup/fullbackup_2020-10-16_21\:11\:44.sql 10.0.0.51:/backup/
（2）在从节点配置并启动slave节点
[21:14:35 root@centos7 ~]#yum -y install mariadb
[21:16:55 root@centos7 ~]#vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=51
log-bin
read-only
[21:53:06 root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start mariadb
[21:57:03 root@centos7 ~]#vim /backup/fullbackup_2020-10-16_21\:11\:44.sql
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.7',
MASTER_USER='repluser',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000005', MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
[21:53:22 root@centos7 ~]#mysql < /backup/fullbackup_2020-10-16_21\:11\:44.sql
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.7
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 531
Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_Space: 827
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 7
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1 |
| db2 |
| db3 |
| db4 |
| db5 |
| db6 |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2、当master服务器宕机，提升一个slave成为新的master（写出操作步骤）
（1）找到哪个从节点的数据库是最新，让它成为新master
[22:11:10 root@centos7 ~]#cat /var/lib/mysql/relay-log.info
./mariadb-relay-bin.000003
531
mariadb-bin.000005
245
（2）新master修改配置文件，关闭read-only配置
[22:16:37 root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=51
read-only=off
(3)清除旧的master复制信息
MariaDB [hellodb]>set global read_only=off;
MariaDB [hellodb]>stop slave;
MariaDB [hellodb]>reset slave all;
(4)在新master上完全备份,并拷贝到从节点
[22:16:37 root@centos7 ~]#mysqldump -A -F --single-transaction --master-data=1 > /backup/fullbackup_`date +%F_%T`.sql
[22:29:25 root@centos7 ~]#scp /backup/fullbackup_2020-10-16_22:28:37.sql 10.0.0.52:/backup/
（5）在从节点重新还原数据库，指向新的master
MariaDB [hellodb]>stop slave;
MariaDB [hellodb]>reset slave all;
[22:30:01 root@centos7 ~]#vi /backup/fullbackup_2020-10-16_22\:28\:37.sql
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51',
MASTER_USER='repluser',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
[22:33:50 root@centos7 ~]#mysql < /backup/fullbackup_2020-10-16_22\:28\:37.sql
MariaDB [hellodb]>start slave;
MariaDB [hellodb]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.51
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 407
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 531
Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 407
Relay_Log_Space: 1275
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 51
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3、通过 MHA 0.58 搭建一个数据库集群结构
环境:四台主机
10.0.0.7 CentOS7 MHA管理端
10.0.0.51 CentOS8 Master
10.0.0.52 CentOS8 Slave1
10.0.0.53 CentOS8 Slave2
(1)在MHA管理端安装mha4mysql-manager和mha4mysql-node ,在所有MySQL服务器上安装mha4mysql-node包
[root@mha-manager ~]#yum -y install mha4mysql-manager-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[root@mha-manager ~]#yum -y install mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
(3)在所有节点实现相互之间ssh key验证
[root@mha-manager ~]#ssh-keygen
[root@mha-manager ~]#ssh-copy-id 127.0.0.1
[root@mha-manager ~]#rsync -a .ssh 10.0.0.51:/root/
[root@mha-manager ~]#rsync -a .ssh 10.0.0.52:/root/
[root@mha-manager ~]#rsync -a .ssh 10.0.0.53:/root/
(4)在管理节点建立配置文件
[root@mha-manager ~]#vim /etc/mastermha/app1.cnf
[server default]
user=mhauser
password=123
manager_workdir=/data/mastermha/app1/
manager_log=/data/mastermha/app1/manager.log
remote_workdir=/data/mastermha/app1/
ssh_user=root
repl_user=repluser
repl_password=magedu
ping_interval=1
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
report_script=/usr/local/bin/sendmail.sh
check_repl_delay=0
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql/
[server1]
hostname=10.0.0.51
candidate_master=1
[server2]
hostname=10.0.0.52
candidate_master=1
[server3]
hostname=10.0.0.53
(5)相关脚本
[15:59:14 root@centos7 ~]#cat /usr/local/bin/sendmail.sh
echo "MySQL is down" | mail -s "MHA Warning" rc1255090639@gmail.com
[15:58:27 root@centos7 ~]#chmod +x /usr/local/bin/sendmail.sh
[16:17:38 root@centos7 ~]#cat /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use Getopt::Long;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
);
my $vip = '10.0.0.100/24';
my $gateway = '10.0.0.2';
my $interface = 'eth0';
my $key = "1";
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig $interface:$key $vip;/sbin/arping -I
$interface -c 3 -s $vip $gateway >/dev/null 2>&1";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig $interface:$key down";
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
# $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# invalidate orig_master_ip here.
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
# all arguments are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# activate new_master_ip here.
# You can also grant write access (create user, set read_only=0, etc) here.
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
# A simple system call that enable the VIP on the new master
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --
orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --
new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}
[16:17:42 root@centos7 ~]#chmod +x /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
(6)实现Master
[root@master ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=51
log-bin
skip_name_resolve=1
general_log
MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs;
+--------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+--------------------+-----------+
| mariadb-bin.000001 | 8275 |
| mariadb-bin.000002 | 507 |
| mariadb-bin.000003 | 507 |
| mariadb-bin.000004 | 264 |
| mariadb-bin.000005 | 245 |
+--------------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
mysql>grant all on *.* to mhauser@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
(7)实现slave
[root@slave ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=52/53
log-bin
read_only
relay_log_purge=0
skip_name_resolve=1
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51',
MASTER_USER='repluser',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000005',
MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
mysql>START SLAVE;
(8)检查MHA的环境
[17:07:43 root@centos7 ~]#masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mastermha/app1.cnf
Sun Oct 18 17:09:12 2020 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Sun Oct 18 17:09:12 2020 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mastermha/app1.cnf..
Sun Oct 18 17:09:12 2020 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mastermha/app1.cnf..
Sun Oct 18 17:09:12 2020 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Sun Oct 18 17:09:14 2020 - [debug]
Sun Oct 18 17:09:12 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.0.52(10.0.0.52:22) to root@10.0.0.51(10.0.0.51:22)..
Sun Oct 18 17:09:13 2020 - [debug] ok.
Sun Oct 18 17:09:13 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.0.52(10.0.0.52:22) to root@10.0.0.53(10.0.0.53:22)..
Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.53' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Sun Oct 18 17:09:13 2020 - [debug] ok.
Sun Oct 18 17:09:14 2020 - [debug]
Sun Oct 18 17:09:12 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.0.51(10.0.0.51:22) to root@10.0.0.52(10.0.0.52:22)..
Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.52' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Sun Oct 18 17:09:12 2020 - [debug] ok.
Sun Oct 18 17:09:12 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.0.51(10.0.0.51:22) to root@10.0.0.53(10.0.0.53:22)..
Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.53' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Sun Oct 18 17:09:14 2020 - [debug] ok.
Sun Oct 18 17:09:15 2020 - [debug]
Sun Oct 18 17:09:13 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.0.53(10.0.0.53:22) to root@10.0.0.51(10.0.0.51:22)..
Sun Oct 18 17:09:13 2020 - [debug] ok.
Sun Oct 18 17:09:13 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.0.53(10.0.0.53:22) to root@10.0.0.52(10.0.0.52:22)..
Sun Oct 18 17:09:15 2020 - [debug] ok.
Sun Oct 18 17:09:15 2020 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
4、实战案例：Percona XtraDB Cluster(PXC 5.7）
环境准备 四台主机：
pxc1:10.0.0.7
pxc2:10.0.0.51
pxc3:10.0.0.52
pxc4:10.0.0.53
（1）配置yum源，通过yum安装PXC（使用清华大学yum源，安装前需卸载mariadb）
[root@pxc1 ~]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/pxc.repo
[percona]
name=percona_repo
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/percona/release/$releasever/RPMS/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@pxc1 ~]#scp /etc/yum.repos.d/pxc.repo 10.0.0.51:/etc/yum.repos.d
[root@pxc1 ~]#scp /etc/yum.repos.d/pxc.repo 10.0.0.52:/etc/yum.repos.d
[root@pxc1 ~]#scp /etc/yum.repos.d/pxc.repo 10.0.0.53:/etc/yum.repos.d
#在三个节点都安装好PXC 5.7
[root@pxc1 ~]#yum -y install Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57
[root@pxc2 ~]#yum -y install Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57
[root@pxc3 ~]#yum -y install Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57
（2）修改配置文件
[root@pxc1 ~]#vi /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
# Template my.cnf for PXC
# Edit to your requirements.
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id=7|51|52|53
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
log-bin
log_slave_updates
expire_logs_days=7
[root@pxc1 ~]#grep -Ev "^#|^$" /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf
[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.0.0.7,10.0.0.51,10.0.0.52,10.0.0.53
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
wsrep_slave_threads= 8
wsrep_log_conflicts
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_node_address=10.0.0.7|51|52|53
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster
wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-1|2|3|4
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cretPass"
（3）启动PXC集群的第一个节点
[10:36:34 root@centos7 ~]#ss -ntul
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
udp UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 *:*
udp UNCONN 0 0 [::1]:323 [::]:*
tcp LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[10:36:36 root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start mysql@bootstrap.service
[10:40:12 root@centos7 ~]#ss -ntul
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
udp UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 *:*
udp UNCONN 0 0 [::1]:323 [::]:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:4567 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
tcp LISTEN 0 80 [::]:3306 [::]:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[14:54:51 root@centos7 ~]#cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep password
2020-10-20T06:54:09.331210Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 84D.ha(j(-yK
[14:58:01 root@centos7 ~]# mysql -p'84D.ha(j(-yK'
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
（4）创建相关账户并授权
mysql> CREATE USER 'sstuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 's3cretPass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> GRANT RELOAD, LOCK TABLES, PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'sstuser'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
（5）启动其他节点
[root@pxc2 ~]#systemctl start mysql
#在任意节点创建数据库
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
#在任意节点查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5、通过 ansible 部署二进制 mysql 8
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