shell——数组及相关面试题

shell—— 数组

一、数组定义方法：

• 方法1：

[root@localhost ~]# array=(1 2 3)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
1 2 3

• 方法2：

[root@localhost ~]# array=([1]=one [2]=two [3]=three)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
one two three

• 方法3：

[root@localhost ~]# array[0]=a
[root@localhost ~]# array[1]=b
[root@localhost ~]# array[2]=c
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[1]}
b

• 方法4：动态定义数组变量，并使用命令的输出结果作为数组的内容

[root@localhost ~]# array=($(ls /array))
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
1.txt 2.txt 3.txt

二、数组的打印和输出
1）打印数组元素

[root@localhost ~]# array=(one two three)
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[0]}
one
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[1]}
two
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
one two three
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]}
one two three

2）打印元素个数

[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#array[*]}
3
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${#array[@]}
3

3）数组的赋值

• 如果下标不存在，则自动添加一个新的元素，如果存在，则覆盖原来的值

[root@localhost ~]# array[3]=four
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
one two three four
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# array[0]=westos
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
westos two three four

4）数组的删除

[root@localhost ~]# unset array[1]
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[*]}
westos three four
[root@localhost ~]# unset array

5）数组内容截取和替换

[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]:1:3}
2 3 4

[root@localhost ~]# array=($(echo {a..z}))
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]}
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]:1:3}
b c d

替换
[root@localhost ~]# array=(1 2 3 1 1)
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${array[@]/1/b}
b 2 3 b b

三、数组相关面试题

• 循环输出数组元素

[root@server tmp]# cat array.sh 
#!/bin/bash
array=(1 2 3 4 5)

for ((i=0;i<${#array[*]};i++))
do
    echo ${array[i]}
done

[root@server tmp]# sh array.sh 
1
2
3
4
5

• 利用for循环打印下面这句话中字母个数小于6的单词
  I am westos teacher welcome to westos training class

[root@server tmp]# cat shuzu.sh 
#!/bin/bash

arr=(I am westos teacher welcome to westos training class)

for ((i=0;i<${#arr[*]};i++))
do
    if [ ${#arr[$i]} -lt 6 ];then
        echo "${arr[$i]}"
    fi
done
[root@server tmp]# sh shuzu.sh 
I
am
to
class