canvas简介:
canvas 最早由Apple引入WebKit,用于Mac OS X 的 Dashboard,后来又在Safari和Google Chrome被实现。 基于 Gecko 1.8的浏览器,比如 Firefox 1.5, 同样支持这个元素。 canvas 元素是WhatWG Web applications 1.0规范的一部分,也包含于HTML 5中。
canvas 是 HTML5 新增的,一个可以使用脚本(通常为JavaScript)在其中绘制图像的 HTML 元素。
canvas的基本使用
<canvas width="600" height="400"></canvas>
canvas 只有2个可选属性标签:width 以及height ,
canvas默认的值 width为300、height为150,单位都是px。如果你设置了 width和height
也可以使用css属性来设置宽高,但是如宽高属性和初始比例不一致,他就会出现扭曲。
canvas的设置样式
线形图
ctx.beginPath();重新 开始
- lineWidth 线宽,默认1px
- lineCap 线末端类型:(butt默认)、round(圆的)、square (方的)
- lineJoin 相交线的拐点 miter(默认)、round(圆的)、bevel(平的)
- strokeStyle 线的颜色
- fillStyle 填充颜色
- setLineDash() 设置虚线 里面传数组[5,10] 实线 虚线 的长度
- getLineDash()里面方数组[5,10] 实线 虚线 的长度
- lineDashOffset =-20 负值 是往右偏移 正值 是往左偏移
饼状图
arc(x,y,r,startAngle,endAngle,bool);
x 圆心横坐标
y 圆心纵坐标
r 半径
startAngle 开始角度
endAngle 结束角度
anticlockwise 是否逆时针方向绘制(默认false表示顺时针;true表示逆时针)
canvas小案例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
canvas {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas width="600" height="400"></canvas>
<script>
//构造函数
var LineChart = function (ctx) {
this.ctx = ctx || document.querySelector('canvas').getContext('2d');
this.ctxWidth = this.ctx.canvas.width;
this.ctxHeight = this.ctx.canvas.height;
//坐标 原点
this.space = 20;
//网格大小
this.girdSize = 10;
this.x0 = this.space;
this.y0 = this.ctxHeight - this.space;
//箭头
this.arrowSize = 10;
//绘制点
this.dottedSize = 6;
}
//行为方法
LineChart.prototype.init = function (data) {
this.drawGird();
this.drawAxis();
this.drawDatte(data);
}
//网格
LineChart.prototype.drawGird = function () {
//X轴方向
var widSize = Math.floor(this.ctxWidth / this.girdSize);
var heightSize = Math.floor(this.ctxHeight / this.girdSize);
for (var i = 0; i <= widSize; i++) {
this.ctx.moveTo(this.girdSize * i - 0.5, 0);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.girdSize * i - 0.5, this.ctxHeight);
this.ctx.strokeStyle = '#ccc';
this.ctx.stroke();
}
for (var i = 0; i < heightSize; i++) {
this.ctx.moveTo(0, this.girdSize * i - 0.5);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.ctxWidth, this.girdSize * i - 0.5);
this.ctx.strokeStyle = '#ccc';
this.ctx.stroke();
}
}
//画坐标系
LineChart.prototype.drawAxis = function () {
//坐X
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.moveTo(this.x0, this.y0);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.ctxWidth - this.girdSize, this.y0);
this.ctx.strokeStyle = "#333";
this.ctx.stroke();
//x箭头
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.moveTo(this.ctxWidth - this.girdSize - this.arrowSize, this.y0 - this.arrowSize / 2);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.ctxWidth - this.girdSize - this.arrowSize, this.y0 + this.arrowSize / 2);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.ctxWidth - this.girdSize, this.y0);
this.ctx.fill();
//Y轴
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.moveTo(this.x0, this.y0);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.space, this.space);
this.ctx.strokeStyle = '#333';
this.ctx.stroke();
//Y轴箭头
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.moveTo(this.space - this.arrowSize / 2, this.space + this.arrowSize / 2);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.space + this.arrowSize / 2, this.space + this.arrowSize / 2);
this.ctx.lineTo(this.space, this.space);
this.ctx.fill();
}
//画多个点
LineChart.prototype.drawDatte = function (data) {
var that = this;
var beginX = 0;
var beginY = 0;
data.forEach(function (item, i) {
var canvasX = that.x0 + item.x;
var canvasY = that.y0 - item.y;
//绘制点
that.ctx.beginPath();
that.ctx.moveTo(canvasX - that.dottedSize / 2, canvasY - that.dottedSize / 2);
that.ctx.lineTo(canvasX + that.dottedSize / 2, canvasY - that.dottedSize / 2);
that.ctx.lineTo(canvasX + that.dottedSize / 2, canvasY + that.dottedSize / 2);
that.ctx.lineTo(canvasX - that.dottedSize / 2, canvasY + that.dottedSize / 2);
that.ctx.fill();
//连线
if (i == 0) {
that.ctx.beginPath();
that.ctx.moveTo(that.x0, that.y0);
that.ctx.lineTo(canvasX, canvasY);
that.ctx.stroke();
} else {
that.ctx.beginPath();
that.ctx.moveTo(beginX, beginY);
that.ctx.lineTo(canvasX, canvasY);
that.ctx.stroke();
}
beginX = canvasX;
beginY = canvasY;
});
}
var data = [{
x: 100,
y: 100
}, {
x: 160,
y: 170
}, {
x: 240,
y: 190
}];
var lineChart = new LineChart();
lineChart.init(data);
</script>
</body>
</html>
效果: