枚举类的使用
1、枚举类的说明
- 枚举类的理解:类的对象只有有限个,确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
- 当需要定义一组常量时,强烈建议使用枚举类
- 如果枚举类中只一个对象,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。
2、如何定义枚举类
- 方式一:jdk5.0之前,自定义枚举类
- 方式二:jdk5.0,可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类
3、Enum类中的常用方法
- values()方法:返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便地遍历所有的枚举值。
- valueOf(String str):可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的“名字”。如不是,会有运行时异常:IllegalArgumentException。
- toString():返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称
4、使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
- 情况一:实现接口,在enum类中实现抽象方法
- 情况二:让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法
如何自定义枚举类?
1、步骤:
class Season{
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Season{" +
"seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
2、jdk 5.0 新增使用enum定义枚举类。步骤:
enum Season1 {
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
}
3、 使用enum定义枚举类之后,枚举类常用方法:(继承于java.lang.Enum类)
Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;
System.out.println(summer.toString());
System.out.println("****************");
Season1[] values = Season1.values();
for(int i = 0;i < values.length;i++){
System.out.println(values[i]);
}
System.out.println("****************");
Thread.State[] values1 = Thread.State.values();
for (int i = 0; i < values1.length; i++) {
System.out.println(values1[i]);
}
Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
System.out.println(winter);
4、使用enum定义枚举类之后,如何让枚举类对象分别实现接口
interface Info{
void show();
}
enum Season1 implements Info{
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("春天在哪里?");
}
},
SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("宁夏");
}
},
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("秋天不回来");
}
},
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("大约在冬季");
}
};
}