Springboot MockMvc如何写单元测试（模拟http get/post/delete 请求，包括文件上传，下载接口测试）

写在前面

这里总结了，springboot（Maven工程） 中如何更好的写出单元测试，需要引如下包

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>

一、测试包下，代码示例

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = Application.class)
@SpringBootTest
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
@Transactional
public class UserControllerTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }
    
    // 基本结构如下
    @Test
    public void test() {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/pis/user/test?userId=67327"))
                .andDo(print());
    }

}

1.1、模拟 Http/Get 请求 示例

 @Test
    public void findOne() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/pis/user/find-one?userId=50070")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andDo(print());
    }

1.2、模拟 Http/Post 请求 示例

示例1 ----- Json 入参

@Test
    public void add() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/pis/user/add")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .content("{\n" +
                        "  \"userCode\": \"ls0ss1\",\n" +
                        "  \"userName\": \"ls022\",\n" +
                        "  \"departmentId\": 1,\n" +
                        "  \"email\": \"154@dse.com\",\n" +
                        "  \"station\": \"dep\",\n" +
                        "  \"company\": \"com1\",\n" +
                        "  \"entryTime\": \"2001-12-12\",\n" +
                        "  \"leaveTime\": \"\",\n" +
                        "  \"entranceStatus\": 1\n" +
                        "}")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andDo(print());
    }

示例2 -----Form 表单入参

    @Test
    public void addConfigInfo2() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/pis/config/add")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
                .param("key", "key-test")
                .param("value", "v_test")
                .param("summary", "简介")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andDo(print());
    }

1.3、模拟 Http/Delete 请求 示例

示例1 单个删除

   @Test
    public void delete() {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/pis/user/delete?userId=67327"))
                .andDo(print());
    }

示例2 批量删除

   @Test
    public void delete() {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/pis/user/delete?userId=1,2,3,4"))
                .andDo(print());
    }

1.4、模拟 文件上传接口 示例

 @Test
    public void importUsers() throws Exception {
        File file = new File("C:\\Users\\test\\Downloads\\用户设置导出.xlsx");
        MockMultipartFile firstFile = new MockMultipartFile("file", "用户设置导出.xlsx",
                MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN_VALUE, new FileInputStream(file));
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.multipart("/pis/user/import").file(firstFile)
                .contentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andDo(print());
    }

1.5、模拟 下载接口 示例（在控制台会乱码，正常的）

 @Test
    public void templateDownload() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/pis/user/template-download")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
        )
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andDo(print());
    }

二、