File Upload(文件上传)

File Upload(文件上传)

File Upload，即文件上传漏洞，指用户上传了一个可执行的脚本文件，并通过此脚本文件获得了执行服务器端命令的能力。通常是由于对上传文件的类型、内容没有进行严格的过滤、检查，使得攻击者可以通过上传木马获取服务器的webshell权限。

Low

File Upload Source
vulnerabilities/upload/source/low.php
<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );

    // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
    if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) {
        // No
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
    }
    else {
        // Yes!
        echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
    }
}

?>

basename(path,suffix) 函数返回路径中的文件名部分，如果可选参数suffix为空，则返回的文件名包含后缀名，反之不包含后缀名。

move_uploaded_file （file,destination） 将上传的文件移动到新位置

服务器对上传文件的类型、内容没有做任何的检查、过滤，存在明显的文件上传漏洞，生成上传路径后，服务器会检查是否上传成功并返回相应提示信息。

上传phpinfo.php

访问，成功执行脚本语言。也可以上传一句话进行连接。

Mediun

File Upload Source
vulnerabilities/upload/source/medium.php
<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );

    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ];
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];

    // Is it an image?
    if( ( $uploaded_type == "image/jpeg" || $uploaded_type == "image/png" ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) ) {

        // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
        if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }
        else {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}

?>

Medium的代码对上传文件的类型、大小做了限制，要求文件类型必须是jpeg或者png，大小不能超过100000B。

只需要修改content-type就可以成功上传。

也可以上传.jpg文件，然后抓包修改成.php文件。

High

File Upload Source
vulnerabilities/upload/source/high.php
<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );

    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_ext  = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1);
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];
    $uploaded_tmp  = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ];

    // Is it an image?
    if( ( strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpg" || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpeg" || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "png" ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) &&
        getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) {

        // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
        if( !move_uploaded_file( $uploaded_tmp, $target_path ) ) {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }
        else {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}

?>

strrpos(string,find,start) 函数返回字符串find在另一字符串string中最后一次出现的位置，如果没有找到字符串则返回false，可选参数start规定在何处开始搜索。

getimagesize(string filename) 函数会通过读取文件头，返回图片的长、宽等信息，如果没有相关的图片文件头，函数会报错。

High的代码读取文件名中最后一个”.”后的字符串，通过文件名来限制文件类型，因此要求上传文件名形式必须是”.jpg”、”.jpeg” 、”.png”之一。同时，getimagesize函数更是限制了上传文件的文件头必须为图像类型。

php版本低的时候可以通过%00阶段上传1.php%00.jpg实现绕过

Impossible

File Upload Source
vulnerabilities/upload/source/impossible.php
<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );


    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_ext  = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1);
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];
    $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ];
    $uploaded_tmp  = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ];

    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path   = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . 'hackable/uploads/';
    //$target_file   = basename( $uploaded_name, '.' . $uploaded_ext ) . '-';
    $target_file   =  md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext;
    $temp_file     = ( ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) == '' ) ? ( sys_get_temp_dir() ) : ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) ) );
    $temp_file    .= DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext;

    // Is it an image?
    if( ( strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpg' || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpeg' || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'png' ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) &&
        ( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' || $uploaded_type == 'image/png' ) &&
        getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) {
//二次渲染
        // Strip any metadata, by re-encoding image (Note, using php-Imagick is recommended over php-GD)
        if( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' ) {
            $img = imagecreatefromjpeg( $uploaded_tmp );
            imagejpeg( $img, $temp_file, 100);
        }
        else {
            $img = imagecreatefrompng( $uploaded_tmp );
            imagepng( $img, $temp_file, 9);
        }
        imagedestroy( $img );

        // Can we move the file to the web root from the temp folder?
        if( rename( $temp_file, ( getcwd() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $target_path . $target_file ) ) ) {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre><a href='${target_path}${target_file}'>${target_file}</a> succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
        else {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }

        // Delete any temp files
        if( file_exists( $temp_file ) )
            unlink( $temp_file );
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

uniqid() 函数基于以微秒计的当前时间，生成一个唯一的 ID

in_get(varname) 函数返回相应选项的值

imagecreatefromjpeg ( filename ) 函数返回图片文件的图像标识，失败返回false

imagejpeg ( image , filename , quality) 从image图像以filename为文件名创建一个JPEG图像，可选参数quality，范围从 0（最差质量，文件更小）到 100（最佳质量，文件最大）。

imagedestroy( img ) 函数销毁图像资源

mpossible的代码对上传文件进行了重命名（为md5值，导致%00截断无法绕过过滤规则），加入Anti-CSRF token防护CSRF攻击，同时对文件的内容作了严格的检查，导致攻击者无法上传含有恶意脚本的文件。