Python 随机选取列表中的元素

记录一下用python3随机生成员工排班表的过程，感觉lambda表达式、高阶函数还是蛮好玩的~

涉及几个小知识点

• 从列表(list)随机选取： random.choice(list)
• 列表(list)打乱重排： random.shuffle(list)
• 合并多个字典(dict)： {}.update({a:b})
• 列表(list)浅拷贝： list.copy()
• 高阶函数：map(function, iterable, ...)
• 匿名函数：lambda [arg1 [,arg2,.....argn]]:expression

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8

"""
# :author: Terry Li
# :url: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42183962
# :copyright: © 2021-present Terry Li
# :motto: I believe that the God rewards the diligent.
"""

import random

def random_schedule_table():
    """返回一个随机生成的排班表_schedule, 类型为list"""
    _schedule_times = len(days)
    _schedule = {}
    _chache_days = days.copy()

    def choice_and_delete_day(i):
        day = random.choice(_chache_days)
        rtn = day
        _chache_days.remove(day)
        return rtn

    days_fixed_length = list(map(choice_and_delete_day, range(_schedule_times)))
    #随机打乱
    random.shuffle(days_fixed_length)
    #print(days_fixed_length)

    time_fixed_length = list(map(lambda i: random.choice(times), range(_schedule_times)))
    #随机打乱
    random.shuffle(time_fixed_length)
    #print(time_fixed_length)
    day_and_time_schedule = zip(days_fixed_length, time_fixed_length)

    for i in day_and_time_schedule:
        _schedule.update({i[0]: i[1]})

    return _schedule


if __name__ == '__main__':
    """关注这几个入参即可"""
    users = ["甲", "乙", "丙"]
    days = ["1号", "2号", "3号", "4号", "5号"]
    times = ['早班', '晚班']
    scheduling_table = {}
	schedule = {}

    # 生成1个装了30个随机组合的池子，然后使用者再从池子里随机选
    pool_size = 30
    pool = [random_schedule_table() for _ in range(pool_size)]
    #print(pool)

    for user in users:
        sche_table = random.choice(pool)
        scheduling_table.update({user: sche_table})

    print(scheduling_table)

生成结果如下

{
'甲': {'1号': '晚班', '4号': '晚班', '5号': '晚班', '2号': '早班', '3号': '早班'}, 
'乙': {'2号': '晚班', '1号': '早班', '5号': '晚班', '4号': '晚班', '3号': '早班'}, 
'丙': {'5号': '早班', '2号': '晚班', '1号': '晚班', '4号': '早班', '3号': '晚班'}
}