移动应用开发之界面跳转和后台服务

一、界面跳转（无传输数据）

1、新建一个activity

2、在想要跳转到别的界面的界面编写跳转代码

private Button button1, button2;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        button1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button01);
        button2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button02);
        button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MessageActivity.class);		//创建一个意图，跳转到message activity
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
        button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_WIRELESS_SETTINGS);	//跳转到系统网络设置
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
    }

二、界面跳转（带传递数据）

1、创建界面
2、在当前界面编写跳转代码

import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;


public class MessageActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
    private EditText edit1;
    private Button button1;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_message);
        edit1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit01);
        button1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button01);
        button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MessageActivity.this, ShowActivity.class);
                String result = edit1.getText().toString();
                intent.putExtra("message", result);		//传输数据
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_message, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

3、在接收界面编写接收代码

import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.TextView;


public class ShowActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
    private TextView text2;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_show);
        text2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text02);
        Intent intent = getIntent();	//获取当前的意图
        Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();	//定义接收数据的对象
        if (bundle != null) {
            String message = bundle.getString("message");	//接收数据，什么数据就get什么
            text2.setText(message);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_show, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

三、后台服务

1、startService流程

startService流程，走onCreate，再走onStartCommand

创建一个service

（1）mainactivity编写调用服务的代码

private Button button1, button2;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        button1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button01);
        button2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button02);
        View.OnClickListener listener = new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (v.getId() == button1.getId()) {
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "开始播放背景音乐！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MusicService.class);	//创建一个意图
                    startService(intent);	
                }
                else if (v.getId() == button2.getId()) {
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "停止播放背景音乐！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MusicService.class);
                    stopService(intent);
                }
            }
        };
        button1.setOnClickListener(listener);
        button2.setOnClickListener(listener);
    }

（2）service代码

public class MusicService extends Service {
    private MediaPlayer player;

    public MusicService() {
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        player.stop();
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        player.start();
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        player = MediaPlayer.create(MusicService.this, R.raw.sample);
    }
}

2、bindservice

启动时，先进onCreate和onBind方法，当activity销毁的时候service也会随之销毁

（1）界面启动service代码

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
    private Button button1;
    private TextView tv2;
    private ICountService countService;
    private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            countService = (ICountService) service;
            tv2.setText("Count is " + countService.getCount());
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            countService = null;
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        button1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button01);
        tv2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text02);
        button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                tv2.setText("Count is " + countService.getCount());
            }
        });
        Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, CountService.class);
        bindService(intent, serviceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        unbindService(serviceConnection);
        super.onDestroy();
    }

（2）countservice

public class CountService extends Service {
    private boolean threadDisable;
    private int count;
    private ServiceBinder serviceBinder = new ServiceBinder();

    public class ServiceBinder extends Binder implements ICountService {
        public int getCount() {
            return count;
        }
    }

    public CountService() {
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return serviceBinder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (!threadDisable) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    count++;
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        threadDisable = true;
    }
}

（3）icountservice

public interface ICountService {
    public abstract int getCount();
}