Bootstrap:
1. 概念: 一个前端开发的框架,Bootstrap,来自 Twitter,是目前很受欢迎的前端框架。Bootstrap 是基于 HTML、CSS、JavaScript 的,它简洁灵活,使得 Web 开发更加快捷。
* 框架:一个半成品软件,开发人员可以在框架基础上,在进行开发,简化编码。
* 好处:
1. 定义了很多的css样式和js插件。我们开发人员直接可以使用这些样式和插件得到丰富的页面效果。
2. 响应式布局。
* 同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备。
2. 快速入门
1. 下载Bootstrap
2. 在项目中将这三个文件夹复制
3. 创建html页面,引入必要的资源文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>你好,世界!</h1>
</body>
</html>
响应式布局
* 同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备。
* 实现:依赖于栅格系统:将一行平均分成12个格子,可以指定元素占几个格子
* 步骤:
1. 定义容器。相当于之前的table、
* 容器分类:
1. container:两边留白
2. container-fluid:每一种设备都是100%宽度
2. 定义行。相当于之前的tr 样式:row
3. 定义元素。指定该元素在不同的设备上,所占的格子数目。样式:col-设备代号-格子数目
* 设备代号:
1. xs:超小屏幕 手机 (<768px):col-xs-12
2. sm:小屏幕 平板 (≥768px)
3. md:中等屏幕 桌面显示器 (≥992px)
4. lg:大屏幕 大桌面显示器 (≥1200px)
* 注意:
1. 一行中如果格子数目超过12,则超出部分自动换行。
2. 栅格类属性可以向上兼容。栅格类适用于与屏幕宽度大于或等于分界点大小的设备。
3. 如果真实设备宽度小于了设置栅格类属性的设备代码的最小值,会一个元素沾满一整行。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap 栅格系统</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
.inner {
border: 1px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--1.定义容器-->
<div class="container-fluid">
<!--2.定义行-->
<div class="row">
<!--3.定义元素
在大显示器一行12个格子
在pad上一行6个格子
-->
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS样式和JS插件
1. 全局CSS样式:
* 按钮:class="btn btn-default"
* 图片:
* class="img-responsive":图片在任意尺寸都占100%
* 图片形状
* <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">:方形
* <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle"> : 圆形
* <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail"> :相框
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap css全局变量</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">
<!-- Standard button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">(默认样式)Default</button>
<!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">(首选项)Primary</button>
<!-- Indicates a successful or positive action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">(成功)Success</button>
<!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">(一般信息)Info</button>
<!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">(警告)Warning</button>
<!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">(危险)Danger</button>
<!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">(链接)Link</button>
<img src="img/banner_1.jpg" class="img-responsive">
<img src="img/banner_1.jpg" class="img-responsive img-rounded">
<img src="img/banner_1.jpg" class="img-responsive img-responsive">
<img src="img/banner_1.jpg" class="img-responsive img-circle">
</body>
</html>
* 表格
* table
* table-bordered
* table-hover
* 表单
* 给表单项添加:class="form-control"
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap css全局样式</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<table class="table table-striped table-hover ">
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>01</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>02</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>03</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr><hr><hr>
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputFile">File input</label>
<input type="file" id="exampleInputFile">
<p class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p>
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Check me out
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
-
1. `组件:` * `导航条` 代码如下: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! --> <title>Bootstrap 导航栏</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) --> <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 --> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-inverse"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> </body> </html> * `分页条` 代码如下: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! --> <title>Bootstrap 分页条</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) --> <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 --> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <nav aria-label="Page navigation"> <ul class="pagination"> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Previous"> <span aria-hidden="true">«</span> </a> </li> <li><a href="#">1</a></li> <li><a href="#">2</a></li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li><a href="#">4</a></li> <li><a href="#">5</a></li> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Next"> <span aria-hidden="true">»</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </body> </html> 2. `插件:` * `轮播图` 代码如下: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! --> <title>Bootstrap 轮播图</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) --> <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 --> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <!-- Indicators --> <ol class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li> </ol> <!-- Wrapper for slides --> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item active"> <img src="img/banner_1.jpg" alt="..."> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="img/banner_2.jpg" alt="..."> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="img/banner_3.jpg" alt="..."> </div> </div> <!-- Controls --> <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a> </div> </body> </html>
案例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>黑马旅游网</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
#two {
padding-top: 15px;
}
#sou {
padding-top: 15px;
}
.search-input {
width: 400px;
height: 35px;
border: #ffc900 solid 2px;
/*左靠齐*/
float: left;
/*//内边距*/
padding-left: 5px;
}
.search-btn {
width: 100px;
height: 35px;
border: #ffc900 solid 1px;
background-color: #ffc900;
float: left;
text-align: center;
/*上下居中*/
line-height: 35px;
}
.panddingtop {
padding-top: 15px;
}
.heima {
border-bottom: 2px solid #ffc900;
padding: 5px;
}
.foot {
background-color: #ffc900;
text-align: center;
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
font-size: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--//1.页眉部分-->
<header class="container-fluid ">
<!--//1.1图片-->
<div class="row ">
<!--img-responsive 响应事件,跟着可大可小-->
<img src="img/top_banner.jpg" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<!--1.2.搜索框-->
<div class="row img-responsive " id="two">
<div>
<!--//2.1黑马程序员-->
<!--//col-md-4 在一行中分4块-->
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="img/logo.jpg">
</div>
<!--//2.2搜索框-->
<!--//col-md-5 在一行中分5块-->
<div class="col-md-5" id="sou">
<input placeholder="请输入线路名称" class="search-input">
<a class="search-btn" href="#">搜索</a>
</div>
<!--//2.3电话-->
<!--//col-md-3 在一行中分3块-->
<div class="col-md-3">
<img src="img/hotel_tel.png" class="img-responsive">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--1.3.导航栏-->
<div class="row">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<!-- 定义汉堡按钮 -->
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"
data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">首页</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<!--1.4轮播图-->
<div class="row e">
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="img/banner_1.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/banner_2.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/banner_3.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!--2.主体部分-->
<div class="container img-responsive">
<!--2.1黑马精选-->
<div class="panddingtop heima">
<img src="img/icon_5.jpg">
<span>黑马精选</span>
</div>
<!--2.2图片-->
<div>
<div class="col-md-3 img-responsive">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 img-responsive">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 img-responsive">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 img-responsive">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--2.3国内游-->
<div class="panddingtop heima">
<img src="img/icon_6.jpg">
<span>国内游</span>
<!--2.4国内游图片-->
<div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="img/guonei_1.jpg" class="img-responsive panddingtop">
</div>
<div class="col-md-8 panddingtop">
<div class="col-md-4 img-responsive">
<div>
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 img-responsive">
<div>
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 img-responsive">
<div>
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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效果如下:
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