Java大数据平台开发 学习笔记（34）—— java设计模式（原型模式）知识汇总

一、前言：

原型模式的注意事项与细节：

优点：

1. 在创建新的对象比较复杂时，利用原型模式可以简化对象的创建过程，同时也可以提高效率。
2. 在对象（属性）发生改变时，其他的克隆对象在无需改变代码的情况下也可以发生相应的修改。

缺点：

1. 对已有类进行改造时，需要更改其源代码，违背了 OCP （Open Closed Principle）原则。

二、实例代码：

---

2.1、传统方式：

Step 1) 创建 Sheep 类：

public class Sheep {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String color;

    public Sheep(String name, int age, String color) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.color = color;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    public void setColor(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Sheep{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", color='" + color + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Step 1) 创建 main 方法：

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Sheep sheep = new Sheep("tom", 1, "白色");

        Sheep sheep1 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
        Sheep sheep2 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
        Sheep sheep3 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
        Sheep sheep4 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());

        System.out.println(sheep);
        System.out.println(sheep1);
        System.out.println(sheep2);
        System.out.println(sheep3);
        System.out.println(sheep4);
    }
}

---

2.2、原型模式：

Step 1) 创建 Sheep 类：

public class Sheep implements Cloneable{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String color;

    public Sheep(String name, int age, String color) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.color = color;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    public void setColor(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Sheep{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", color='" + color + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Sheep sheep = null;
        try {
            sheep = (Sheep) super.clone();
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
        return super.clone();
    }
}

Step 2) 创建 main 方法：

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Sheep sheep = new Sheep("tom", 1, "白色");

        Sheep sheep1 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
        Sheep sheep2 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
        Sheep sheep3 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
        Sheep sheep4 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();

        System.out.println(sheep);
        System.out.println(sheep1);
        System.out.println(sheep2);
        System.out.println(sheep3);
        System.out.println(sheep4);
    }
}

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• 由 ChiKong_Tam 写于 2020 年 10 月 17 日