车牌自动识别

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 20:32:53 发布

小欣Cara

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 20:32:53 发布

阅读量1.6k

点赞数 1

文章标签：算法机器学习人工智能

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42224490/article/details/125326337

版权

一个典型的汽车车牌自动识别系统，其基本处理流程如下图所示：

车牌定位：

从整个图像中准确地检测出车牌区域，是车牌识别过程的一个重要步骤，如果定位失败或定位不完整，会直接导致最终识别失败。车牌定位方法一般会依据纹理特征、颜色特征和形状特征等信息，采用投影分析、连通域分析、机器学习等算法检测车牌。投影分析方法根据车牌字符与背景交替出现的次数相比于其他情况要多这个特征，通过图像在水平和垂直方向的投影分析来定位车牌；连通域分析根据车牌中的每个字符都是一个连通域且这些连通域的结构和颜色都一致的特征，通过检测并合并这些连通域来定位车牌。基于边缘特征检测：利用函数edge()实现边缘检测；机器学习的思路是，先使用从很多个车牌样本中提取出来的特征把一个弱分类器训练成一个强分类器，再使用这个强分类器对图像进行扫描检测从而定位到车牌。

车牌矫正：

由于受拍摄角度、镜头等因素的影响，图像中的车牌存在水平倾斜、垂直倾斜或梯形畸变等变形，这给后续的识别处理带来了困难。如果在定位到车牌后先进行车牌校正处理，这样做有利于去除车牌边框等噪声，更有利于字符识别。目前常用校正方法有：Hough变换法，通过检测车牌上下左右边框直线来计算倾斜角度、旋转投影法、最近邻聚类法等。

字符分割：

对分割后的字符的灰度图像进行归一化处理，特征提取，然后经过机器学习或与字符数据库模板进行匹配，最后选取匹配度最高的结果作为识别结果。目前比较流行的字符识别算法有：模板匹配法、人工神经网络法等。模板匹配法的优点是识别速度快、方法简单，缺点是对断裂、污损等情况的处理有一些困难；人工神经网络法学习能力强、适应性强、分类能力强但比较耗时。

字符识别：

模板匹配法：车牌字符识别是字符识别的重要组成部分。车牌字符识别的最终目的就是将图像中的车牌字符转化成文本字符，车牌字符的识别属于印刷体识别范畴。字符识别的基本思想是匹配判别,抽取待识别字符特征按照字符识别的原理和预先存储在计算机中的标准字符模式表达形式的集合逐一进行匹配，找出最接近输入字符模式的表达形式，该表达形式对应的字就是识别结果。

%%%%%%%%%%%4.1、车牌字符预处理%%%%%%%%%%%
ZiFu1=imresize(~imread('1.jpg'), [110 55],'bilinear');%用反色识别
ZiFu2=imresize(~imread('2.jpg'), [110 55],'bilinear');
ZiFu3=imresize(~imread('3.jpg'), [110 55],'bilinear');
ZiFu4=imresize(~imread('4.jpg'), [110 55],'bilinear');
ZiFu5=imresize(~imread('5.jpg'), [110 55],'bilinear');
ZiFu6=imresize(~imread('6.jpg'), [110 55],'bilinear');
ZiFu7=imresize(~imread('7.jpg'), [110 55],'bilinear');
%%%%%%%%%%%4.2、把0-9,A-Z以及省份简称的数据存储方便访问%%%%%%%%%%%
HanZi=DuQuHanZi(imread('MuBanKu\sichuan.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\guizhou.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\beijing.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\chongqing.bmp'),...
                imread('MuBanKu\guangdong.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\shandong.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\zhejiang.bmp'));
ShuZiZiMu=DuQuSZZM(imread('MuBanKu\0.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\1.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\2.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\3.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\4.bmp'),...
                   imread('MuBanKu\5.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\6.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\7.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\8.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\9.bmp'),...
                   imread('MuBanKu\10.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\11.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\12.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\13.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\14.bmp'),...
                   imread('MuBanKu\15.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\16.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\17.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\18.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\19.bmp'),...
                   imread('MuBanKu\20.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\21.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\22.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\23.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\24.bmp'),...
                   imread('MuBanKu\25.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\26.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\27.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\28.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\29.bmp'),...
                   imread('MuBanKu\30.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\31.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\32.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\33.bmp'));
ZiMu=DuQuZiMu(imread('MuBanKu\10.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\11.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\12.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\13.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\14.bmp'),...
              imread('MuBanKu\15.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\16.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\17.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\18.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\19.bmp'),...
              imread('MuBanKu\20.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\21.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\22.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\23.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\24.bmp'),...
              imread('MuBanKu\25.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\26.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\27.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\28.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\29.bmp'),...
              imread('MuBanKu\30.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\31.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\32.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\33.bmp'));
ShuZi=DuQuShuZi(imread('MuBanKu\0.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\1.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\2.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\3.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\4.bmp'),...
                imread('MuBanKu\5.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\6.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\7.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\8.bmp'),imread('MuBanKu\9.bmp')); 
%%%%%%%%%%%4.3、车牌字符识别%%%%%%%%%%%
t=1;
ZiFu1JieGuo=ShiBieHanZi(HanZi,ZiFu1);   ShiBieJieGuo(1,t)=ZiFu1JieGuo;t=t+1;
ZiFu2JieGuo=ShiBieZiMu (ZiMu, ZiFu2);   ShiBieJieGuo(1,t)=ZiFu2JieGuo;t=t+1;
ZiFu3JieGuo=ShiBieSZZM(ShuZiZiMu,ZiFu3);ShiBieJieGuo(1,t)=ZiFu3JieGuo;t=t+1;
ZiFu4JieGuo=ShiBieSZZM(ShuZiZiMu,ZiFu4);ShiBieJieGuo(1,t)=ZiFu4JieGuo;t=t+1;
ZiFu5JieGuo=ShiBieShuZi(ShuZi,ZiFu5);   ShiBieJieGuo(1,t)=ZiFu5JieGuo;t=t+1;
ZiFu6JieGuo=ShiBieShuZi(ShuZi,ZiFu6);   ShiBieJieGuo(1,t)=ZiFu6JieGuo;t=t+1;
ZiFu7JieGuo=ShiBieShuZi(ShuZi,ZiFu7);   ShiBieJieGuo(1,t)=ZiFu7JieGuo;t=t+1;
ShiBieJieGuo
msgbox(ShiBieJieGuo,'结果');
fid=fopen('Data.xls','a+');
fprintf(fid,'%s\r\n',ShiBieJieGuo,datestr(now));
fclose(fid);

神经网络匹配：

设计了一个单隐含层的三层结构的BP(Back propagation)神经网络进行字符识别，对单个字符图像利用全像素法提取800维的特征向量，因此，BP神经网络输入层有800个节点。BP神经网络的输出端有65个节点，包括汉字31个、阿拉伯数字10个、英文字母共24个（不包括I、O）.。隐含层神经元个数确定为34个，利用近400个训练样本对BP神经网络进行训练，最大训练步数为5000步，误差设定为0.0000000001。

clear;
clc;
I01=getfeature('./train/0/1.jpg');
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I03=getfeature('./train/0/3.jpg');
I04=getfeature('./train/0/4.jpg');
I05=getfeature('./train/0/5.jpg');
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I015=getfeature('./train/0/15.jpg');
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I920=getfeature('./train/9/20.jpg');
I921=getfeature('./train/9/21.jpg');
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IC5=getfeature('./train/c4.jpg');
IC6=getfeature('./train/c5.jpg');
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ID1=getfeature('./train/d8.jpg');
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ID6=getfeature('./train/d5.jpg');
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IF3=getfeature('./train/f3.jpg');
IF4=getfeature('./train/f4.jpg');

IG1=getfeature('./train/g1.jpg');
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IG3=getfeature('./train/g3.jpg');
IG4=getfeature('./train/g4.jpg');
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IG6=getfeature('./train/g6.jpg');

IH1=getfeature('./train/h1.jpg');
IH2=getfeature('./train/h2.jpg');
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IJ1=getfeature('./train/j1.jpg');
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IJ3=getfeature('./train/j3.jpg');
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IK1=getfeature('./train/k1.jpg');
IK2=getfeature('./train/k2.jpg');
IK3=getfeature('./train/k3.jpg');
IK4=getfeature('./train/k4.jpg');
IK5=getfeature('./train/k5.jpg');
IK6=getfeature('./train/k6.jpg');
IK7=getfeature('./train/k7.jpg');

IL1=getfeature('./train/l1.jpg');
IL2=getfeature('./train/l2.jpg');
IL3=getfeature('./train/l3.jpg');

IM1=getfeature('./train/m1.jpg');
IM2=getfeature('./train/m2.jpg');

IN1=getfeature('./train/n1.jpg');
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IN3=getfeature('./train/n3.jpg');
IN4=getfeature('./train/n4.jpg');
IN5=getfeature('./train/n5.jpg');

IP1=getfeature('./train/p1.jpg');
IP2=getfeature('./train/p2.jpg');
IP3=getfeature('./train/p3.jpg');
IP4=getfeature('./train/p4.jpg');
IP5=getfeature('./train/p5.jpg');

IQ1=getfeature('./train/q1.jpg');
IQ2=getfeature('./train/q2.jpg');
IQ3=getfeature('./train/q3.jpg');
IQ4=getfeature('./train/q4.jpg');

IR1=getfeature('./train/r1.jpg');

IS1=getfeature('./train/s1.jpg');
IS2=getfeature('./train/s2.jpg');

IT1=getfeature('./train/t1.jpg');
IT2=getfeature('./train/t2.jpg');
IT3=getfeature('./train/t3.jpg');
IT4=getfeature('./train/t4.jpg');

IU1=getfeature('./train/u1.jpg');
IU2=getfeature('./train/u2.jpg');

IV1=getfeature('./train/v1.jpg');
IV2=getfeature('./train/v2.jpg');
IV3=getfeature('./train/v3.jpg');
IV4=getfeature('./train/v4.jpg');

IW1=getfeature('./train/w1.jpg');
IW2=getfeature('./train/w2.jpg');
IW3=getfeature('./train/w3.jpg');

IX1=getfeature('./train/x1.jpg');
IX2=getfeature('./train/x2.jpg');
IX3=getfeature('./train/x3.jpg');

IY1=getfeature('./train/y1.jpg');

IZ1=getfeature('./train/z1.jpg');
IZ2=getfeature('./train/z2.jpg');
IZ3=getfeature('./train/z3.jpg');

Izang1=getfeature('./train/藏1.jpg');
Izang2=getfeature('./train/藏2.jpg');

Ichuan1=getfeature('./train/川1.jpg');
Ichuan2=getfeature('./train/川2.jpg');
Ichuan3=getfeature('./train/川3.jpg');
Ichuan4=getfeature('./train/川4.jpg');
Ichuan5=getfeature('./train/川5.jpg');
Ichuan6=getfeature('./train/川6.jpg');

Ie1=getfeature('./train/鄂1.jpg');
Ie2=getfeature('./train/鄂2.jpg');

Igan1=getfeature('./train/甘1.jpg');
Igan2=getfeature('./train/甘2.jpg');

Igui1=getfeature('./train/贵1.jpg');

Iguangxi1=getfeature('./train/桂1.jpg');
Iguangxi2=getfeature('./train/桂2.jpg');

Ihei1=getfeature('./train/黑1.jpg');

Ihu1=getfeature('./train/沪1.jpg');

Iji1=getfeature('./train/吉1.jpg');
Iji2=getfeature('./train/吉2.jpg');

Ihebei1=getfeature('./train/冀1.jpg');

Ijin1=getfeature('./train/津1.jpg');
Ijin2=getfeature('./train/津2.jpg');

Ishanxi1=getfeature('./train/晋1.jpg');
Ishanxi2=getfeature('./train/晋2.jpg');
Ishanxi3=getfeature('./train/晋3.jpg');

Ijing1=getfeature('./train/京1.jpg');
Ijing2=getfeature('./train/京2.jpg');
Ijing3=getfeature('./train/京3.jpg');
Ijing4=getfeature('./train/京4.jpg');

Iliao1=getfeature('./train/辽1.jpg');
Iliao2=getfeature('./train/辽2.jpg');
Iliao3=getfeature('./train/辽3.jpg');
Iliao4=getfeature('./train/辽4.jpg');

Ilu1=getfeature('./train/鲁1.jpg');
Ilu2=getfeature('./train/鲁2.jpg');

Imeng1=getfeature('./train/蒙1.jpg');

Imin1=getfeature('./train/闽1.jpg');

Ining1=getfeature('./train/宁1.jpg');

Iqing1=getfeature('./train/青1.jpg');

Iqiong1=getfeature('./train/琼1.jpg');

Ishan1=getfeature('./train/陕1.jpg');

Isu1=getfeature('./train/苏1.jpg');

Iwan1=getfeature('./train/皖1.jpg');

Ixiang1=getfeature('./train/湘1.jpg');
Ixiang2=getfeature('./train/湘2.jpg');
Ixiang3=getfeature('./train/湘3.jpg');
Ixiang4=getfeature('./train/湘4.jpg');
Ixiang5=getfeature('./train/湘5.jpg');

Ixin1=getfeature('./train/皖1.jpg');

Iyu1=getfeature('./train/渝1.jpg');

Ihenan1=getfeature('./train/豫1.jpg');
Ihenan2=getfeature('./train/豫1.jpg');

Iyue1=getfeature('./train/粤1.jpg');
Iyue2=getfeature('./train/粤2.jpg');
Iyue3=getfeature('./train/粤3.jpg');
Iyue4=getfeature('./train/粤4.jpg');

Iyun1=getfeature('./train/云1.jpg');

Izhe1=getfeature('./train/浙1.jpg');
Izhe2=getfeature('./train/浙2.jpg');



P=[I01,I02,I03,I04,I05,I06,I07,I08,I09,I010,I011,I012,I013,I014,I015,I016,I017,I018,I019,I020,I021,I022,I023,I024,I025,I026,I027,...
    I11,I12,I13,I14,I15,I16,I17,I18,I19,I110,I111,I21,I22,I23,I24,I25,I26,I27,I28,I29,I210,I211,I212,I213,I214,I31,I32,I33,I34,I35,...
    I36,I37,I38,I39,I310,I311,I312,I41,I42,I43,I44,I45,I46,I47,I48,I49,I410,I411,I412,I51,I52,I53,I54,I55,I56,I57,I58,I59,I510,I511,...
    I512,I513,I514,I515,I516,I517,I518,I519,I520,I521,I522,I523,I524,I525,I61,I62,I63,I64,I65,I66,I67,I68,I69,I610,I611,I612,I613,I614,...
    I615,I616,I617,I618,I619,I620,I621,I622,I623,I624,I625,I71,I72,I73,I74,I75,I76,I77,I78,I79,I710,I711,I712,I713,I714,I715,I716,...
    I81,I82,I83,I84,I85,I86,I87,I88,I89,I810,I811,I812,I813,I814,I815,I816,I817,I818,I819,I820,I821,I822,I823,I824,I825,I826,I827,I828,...
    I829,I830,I831,I832,I833,I834,I835,I836,I837,I838,I839,I840,I841,I842,I843,I844,I845,I91,I92,I93,I94,I95,I96,I97,I98,I99,I910,I911,...
    I912,I913,I914,I915,I916,I917,I918,I919,I920,I921,I922,I923,I924,I925,I926,I927,I928,IA1,IA2,IA3,IA4,IA5,IA6,IA7,IA8,IA9,IA10,IA11,...
    IA12,IA13,IA14,IA15,IA16,IA17,IA18,IA19,IB1,IB2,IB3,IB4,IB5,IB6,IB7,IB8,IB9,IB10,IC1,IC2,IC3,IC4,IC5,IC6,IC7,ID1,ID2,ID3,ID4,ID5,ID6,...
    ID7,ID8,IE1,IE2,IE3,IF1,IF2,IF3,IF4,IG1,IG2,IG3,IG4,IG5,IG6,IH1,IH2,IH3,IH4,IJ1,IJ2,IJ3,IJ4,IK1,IK2,IK3,IK4,IK5,IK6,IK7,IL1,IL2,IL3,...
    IM1,IM2,IN1,IN2,IN3,IN4,IN5,IP1,IP2,IP3,IP4,IP5,IQ1,IQ2,IQ3,IQ4,IR1,IS1,IS2,IT1,IT2,IT3,IT4,IU1,IU2,IV1,IV2,IV3,IV4,IW1,IW2,IW3,IX1,...
    IX2,IX3,IY1,IZ1,IZ2,IZ3,Izang1,Izang2,Ichuan1,Ichuan2,Ichuan3,Ichuan4,Ichuan5,Ichuan6,Ie1,Ie2,Igan1,Igan2,Igui1,Iguangxi1,Iguangxi2,...
    Ihei1,Ihu1,Iji1,Iji2,Ihebei1,Ijin1,Ijin2,Ishanxi1,Ishanxi2,Ishanxi3,Ijing1,Ijing2,Ijing3,Ijing4,Iliao1,Iliao2,Iliao3,Iliao4,Ilu1,Ilu2,Imeng1,Imin1,...
    Ining1,Iqing1,Iqiong1,Ishan1,Isu1,Iwan1,Ixiang1,Ixiang2,Ixiang3,Ixiang4,Ixiang5,Ixin1,Iyu1,Ihenan1,Ihenan2,Iyue1,Iyue2,Iyue3,Iyue4,...
    Iyun1,Izhe1,Izhe2];

P=double(P);
T=zeros(64,379);
T(1,1:27)=1;
T(2,28:38)=1;
T(3,29:52)=1;
T(4,53:64)=1;
T(5,65:76)=1;
T(6,77:101)=1;
T(7,102:126)=1;
T(8,127:142)=1;
T(9,143:187)=1;
T(10,188:215)=1;
T(11,216:234)=1;
T(12,235:244)=1;
T(13,245:251)=1;
T(14,252:259)=1;
T(15,260:262)=1;
T(16,263:266)=1;
T(17,267:272)=1;
T(18,273:276)=1;
T(19,277:280)=1;
T(20,281:287)=1;
T(21,288:290)=1;
T(22,291:292)=1;
T(23,293:297)=1;
T(24,298:302)=1;
T(25,303:306)=1;
T(26,307:307)=1;
T(27,308:309)=1;
T(28,310:313)=1;
T(29,314:315)=1;
T(30,316:319)=1;
T(31,320:322)=1;
T(32,323:325)=1;
T(33,326:326)=1;
T(34,327:329)=1;

T(35,330:331)=1;%
T(36,332:337)=1;%
T(37,338:339)=1;%
T(38,340:341)=1;%
T(39,342:342)=1;%
T(40,343:344)=1;%
T(41,345:345)=1;%
T(42,346:346)=1;%
T(43,347:348)=1;%
T(44,349:349)=1;%
T(45,350:351)=1;%
T(46,352:354)=1;%
T(47,355:358)=1;%
T(48,359:362)=1;%
T(49,363:364)=1;%
T(50,365:365)=1;%
T(51,366:366)=1;%
T(52,367:367)=1;%
T(53,368:368)=1;%
T(54,369:369)=1;%
T(55,370:370)=1;%
T(56,371:371)=1;%
T(57,372:372)=1;%
T(58,373:377)=1;%
T(59,378:378)=1;%
T(60,379:379)=1;%
T(61,380:381)=1;%
T(62,382:385)=1;
T(63,386:386)=1;
T(64,387:388)=1;

%% bp神经网络参数设置
net=newff(minmax(P),[800,34,64],{'logsig','logsig','logsig'},'trainrp');
net.inputWeights{1,1}.initFcn ='randnr';
net.layerWeights{2,1}.initFcn ='randnr';
net.trainparam.epochs=5000;%最大训练步数
net.trainparam.show=50;
net.trainparam.goal=0.0000000001;%误差设定
net=train(net,P,T);
save('net','net');