Servlet的使用方法详细说明

Servlet的生命周期方法：init()destroy()doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)客户端请求封装在request中，而服务器响应则封装在response中
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- web.xml的配置（有多个servlet就配置多个servlet 和servlet-mapping标签）
Servelettest1
com.web.servlet.Servelettest1 //全路径

Servelettest1
/Servelettest1 //浏览请求别名，前面必须加斜杠
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{

PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();                              //这个输出流是从web服务器到浏览器，打印在web服务器中
pw.print("hello world");
pw.close();

}

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.print(“hello world”);
pw.close();
}

在index.jsp中

hello world

//Servelettest1是 /Servelettest1
http://localhost:8088/Servelettest1 //Servelettest1是 /Servelettest1
http://localhost:8088/index.jsp
使用request和response
response.getWriter();
//获取客户机参数方法
request.getParameter("username "); //获取参数 index.jsp对应代码段为hello world

servletet接受请求封装信息:

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
String username = request.getParameter(“username”); //获取用户名
String password = request.getParameter(“password”);
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.print(“hello world”+username+password);
pw.close();
}对应jsp:
用户账号：
用户密码：
server.xml: //从客户端到服务器的中文乱码遇到server.xml拒绝访问解决方法：进去选择编辑，然后选择user权限勾选完全控制即可 //从服务器到客户端的中文乱码response.setCharacterEncoding(“utf-8”);response.setContentType(text/html;charset=utf-8) servlet实现页面跳转：package com.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Servelettest2 extends HttpServlet{
public void init(){

}
public void destroy(){
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
String uname = request.getParameter(“username”);
String password = request.getParameter(“password”);
System.out.println(“Servelet2被调用”);
//页面跳转
response.sendRedirect(“Servelettest3”); //实现页面的跳转
}
方法二:RequestDispatcher rd = request.getRequestDispatcher(“Servelettest3”);
rd.forward(request,response);index.jsp：
用户账号：
用户密码：
doPost中文乱码解决： public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{ request.setCharacterEncoding(“UTF-8”); //解决请求服务器中文乱码 response.setCharacterEncoding(“UTF-8”); //解决服务器到客户端乱码问题 response.setContentType(“text/html; charset=utf-8”); //解决服务器到客户端乱码问题 String username = request.getParameter(“username”); String password = request.getParameter(“password”); PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter(); pw.print(“hello world”+username+password); System.out.println(username+password); pw.close(); }过滤器: /filter1 com.web.servlet.CharacterFilter /filter1 /* //星号代表所有的传输都要经过它 package com.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class CharacterFilter implements Filter{

@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
throws IOException, ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
arg0.setCharacterEncoding(“utf-8”);
arg1.setCharacterEncoding(“utf-8”);
arg1.setContentType(“text/html; charset=utf-8”);
arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);

}

@Override
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

}监听器：servlet中定义了多种类监听器，它们主要用于监听ServletContext,HttpSession和ServletRequest这三个域对象： HttpSessionListener接口用于监听HttpSession的创建与销毁 （1）创建一个Session时，sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se)方法将会被调用。（2）销毁一个Session时，sessionDestroy(HttpSessionEvent se)方法将会被调用。Session域对象创建和销毁时机创建：yoghurt第一次访问时，服务器创建session销毁:如果用户30分钟会使用，服务器将会销毁session，我们在web.xml里面也可以诶之session失效时间
1 //设置监听时长为一分钟，若不修改，默认为30分钟
package com.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
//实现接口HttpSessionListener
public class OnlineCounterListener implements HttpSessionListener,HttpSessionAttributeListener{

private int count=0;
@Override
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
count++;
System.out.println(“有新用户访问，当前访问人数为：”+count);
}

@Override
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
count–;
System.out.println(“有一位退出，当前人数为：”+count);

}

@Override
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}
}

总结：servlet步骤
1.创建servlet类（继承于HttpServlet）
2.三个方法：public void init() { }
public void destroy() { }
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ }
3.通过getParameter 获取jsp中的值String username = request.getParameter(“username”);
4.然后调用jdbc或Hibernate类（Dao）将对象进行增删查改
5.跳转页面 // 转发到注册结果页面 request.getRequestDispatcher(“result.jsp”).forward(request, response);