目录
引导类加载器（启动类加载器）——BootstrapClassLoader
类加载过程
将java文件打成jar包或者war包之后，由某个主类的main函数进行启动，需要通过类加载器把主类加载到JVM，jar包里的类不是一次性加载，是在使用到的时候才会加载。
public class LoadClassTest {
static {
System.out.println("*************Load Class LoadClassTest************");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("*************LOAD A START************");
new A();
System.out.println("*************LOAD A END************");
System.out.println("*************LOAD B START************");
B b = null;//是不加载的，只有在执行new B()的时候才会加载
//B b = new B();
System.out.println("*************LOAD B END************");
}
}
class A {
static {
System.out.println("*************Load Class A************");
}
public A(){
System.out.println("*************Init Class A************");
}
}
class B {
static {
System.out.println("*************Load Class B************");
}
public B(){
System.out.println("*************Init Class B************");
}
}运行结果：
*************Load LoadClassTest Class************
*************LOAD A START************
*************Load Class A************
*************Init Class A************
*************LOAD A END************
*************LOAD B START************
*************LOAD B END************类加载步骤
加载：在硬盘上查找并通过IO读取字节码文件
验证：验证字节码文件正确性
准备：给类的静态变量分配内存，并赋默认值。例如：int=0、boolean=false、对象=null
解析：将静态方法符号引用替换为直接引用——静态链接；程序运行期间完成符号引用替换为直接引用——动态链接
初始化：对类的静态变量初始化为指定的值，执行静态代码块
类加载器
引导类加载器（启动类加载器）——BootstrapClassLoader
由C++实现，嵌入在JVM内部，负责加载JRE的lib目录下的核心类库，比如rt,jar、charsets.jar等
扩展类加载器——ExtClassLoader
由Java代码实现，在JVM启动器实例(sun.misc.Lanucher)初始化时创建，是负责加载JRE的lib目录下ext的jar包
应用程序类加载器——AppClassLoader
由Java代码实现，在JVM启动器实例(sun.misc.Lanucher)初始化时创建，负责加载ClassPath路径下的类包，主要就是加载自己写的类
自定义加载器
负责加载自定义路径下的类包
public class TestClassLoader {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(String.class.getClassLoader());
System.out.println(com.sun.crypto.provider.DESKeyFactory.class.getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
System.out.println(TestClassLoader.class.getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
System.out.println();
ClassLoader appClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
ClassLoader extClassloader = appClassLoader.getParent();
ClassLoader bootstrapLoader = extClassloader.getParent();
System.out.println("the bootstrapLoader : " + bootstrapLoader);
System.out.println("the extClassloader : " + extClassloader);
System.out.println("the appClassLoader : " + appClassLoader);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("bootstrapLoader加载以下文件：");
URL[] urls = Launcher.getBootstrapClassPath().getURLs();
for (int i = 0; i < urls.length; i++) {
System.out.println(urls[i]);
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("extClassloader加载以下文件：");
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.ext.dirs"));
System.out.println();
System.out.println("appClassLoader加载以下文件：");
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
}
}运行结果：
null
sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader
sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader
the bootstrapLoader : null
the extClassloader : sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader@497470ed
the appClassLoader : sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
bootstrapLoader加载以下文件：
file:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar
file:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar
file:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/sunrsasign.jar
file:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar
file:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar
file:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar
file:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar
file:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/classes
extClassloader加载以下文件：
/Users/yyyz/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java
appClassLoader加载以下文件：
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Users/yyyz/IdeaProjects/zsy-demo/target/classes:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-amqp/2.7.7/spring-boot-starter-amqp-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/2.7.7/spring-boot-starter-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/2.7.7/spring-boot-starter-logging-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.11/logback-classic-1.2.11.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.2.11/logback-core-1.2.11.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-to-slf4j/2.17.2/log4j-to-slf4j-2.17.2.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.17.2/log4j-api-2.17.2.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/1.7.36/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.36.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/jakarta/annotation/jakarta.annotation-api/1.3.5/jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.30/snakeyaml-1.30.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-messaging/5.3.24/spring-messaging-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/5.3.24/spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/amqp/spring-rabbit/2.4.8/spring-rabbit-2.4.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/amqp/spring-amqp/2.4.8/spring-amqp-2.4.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/retry/spring-retry/1.3.4/spring-retry-1.3.4.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/rabbitmq/amqp-client/5.14.2/amqp-client-5.14.2.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/5.3.24/spring-context-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-tx/5.3.24/spring-tx-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch/2.7.7/spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/data/spring-data-elasticsearch/4.4.6/spring-data-elasticsearch-4.4.6.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/data/spring-data-commons/2.7.6/spring-data-commons-2.7.6.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/client/elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client/7.17.8/elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/7.17.8/elasticsearch-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-core/7.17.8/elasticsearch-core-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-secure-sm/7.17.8/elasticsearch-secure-sm-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-x-content/7.17.8/elasticsearch-x-content-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/dataformat/jackson-dataformat-smile/2.13.4/jackson-dataformat-smile-2.13.4.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/dataformat/jackson-dataformat-yaml/2.13.4/jackson-dataformat-yaml-2.13.4.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/dataformat/jackson-dataformat-cbor/2.13.4/jackson-dataformat-cbor-2.13.4.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-geo/7.17.8/elasticsearch-geo-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-lz4/7.17.8/elasticsearch-lz4-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/lz4/lz4-java/1.8.0/lz4-java-1.8.0.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-core/8.11.1/lucene-core-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-analyzers-common/8.11.1/lucene-analyzers-common-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-backward-codecs/8.11.1/lucene-backward-codecs-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-grouping/8.11.1/lucene-grouping-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-highlighter/8.11.1/lucene-highlighter-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-join/8.11.1/lucene-join-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-memory/8.11.1/lucene-memory-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-misc/8.11.1/lucene-misc-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-queries/8.11.1/lucene-queries-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-queryparser/8.11.1/lucene-queryparser-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-sandbox/8.11.1/lucene-sandbox-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-spatial3d/8.11.1/lucene-spatial3d-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/lucene-suggest/8.11.1/lucene-suggest-8.11.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-cli/7.17.8/elasticsearch-cli-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/net/sf/jopt-simple/jopt-simple/5.0.2/jopt-simple-5.0.2.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/carrotsearch/hppc/0.8.1/hppc-0.8.1.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/joda-time/joda-time/2.10.10/joda-time-2.10.10.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/tdunning/t-digest/3.2/t-digest-3.2.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/hdrhistogram/HdrHistogram/2.1.9/HdrHistogram-2.1.9.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/net/java/dev/jna/jna/5.10.0/jna-5.10.0.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-plugin-classloader/7.17.8/elasticsearch-plugin-classloader-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/plugin/mapper-extras-client/7.17.8/mapper-extras-client-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/plugin/parent-join-client/7.17.8/parent-join-client-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/plugin/aggs-matrix-stats-client/7.17.8/aggs-matrix-stats-client-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/plugin/rank-eval-client/7.17.8/rank-eval-client-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/plugin/lang-mustache-client/7.17.8/lang-mustache-client-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/github/spullara/mustache/java/compiler/0.9.6/compiler-0.9.6.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/co/elastic/clients/elasticsearch-java/7.17.7/elasticsearch-java-7.17.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/google/code/findbugs/jsr305/3.0.2/jsr305-3.0.2.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/jakarta/json/jakarta.json-api/1.1.6/jakarta.json-api-1.1.6.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/eclipse/parsson/parsson/1.0.0/parsson-1.0.0.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/elasticsearch/client/elasticsearch-rest-client/7.17.8/elasticsearch-rest-client-7.17.8.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/httpcomponents/httpcore/4.4.16/httpcore-4.4.16.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/httpcomponents/httpasyncclient/4.1.5/httpasyncclient-4.1.5.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/httpcomponents/httpcore-nio/4.4.16/httpcore-nio-4.4.16.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/commons-codec/commons-codec/1.15/commons-codec-1.15.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.13.4/jackson-core-2.13.4.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.13.4.2/jackson-databind-2.13.4.2.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.13.4/jackson-annotations-2.13.4.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.36/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-data-redis/2.7.7/spring-boot-starter-data-redis-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/data/spring-data-redis/2.7.6/spring-data-redis-2.7.6.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/data/spring-data-keyvalue/2.7.6/spring-data-keyvalue-2.7.6.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-oxm/5.3.24/spring-oxm-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/5.3.24/spring-aop-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context-support/5.3.24/spring-context-support-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/io/lettuce/lettuce-core/6.1.10.RELEASE/lettuce-core-6.1.10.RELEASE.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/io/netty/netty-common/4.1.86.Final/netty-common-4.1.86.Final.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/io/netty/netty-handler/4.1.86.Final/netty-handler-4.1.86.Final.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/io/netty/netty-resolver/4.1.86.Final/netty-resolver-4.1.86.Final.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/io/netty/netty-buffer/4.1.86.Final/netty-buffer-4.1.86.Final.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/io/netty/netty-transport-native-unix-common/4.1.86.Final/netty-transport-native-unix-common-4.1.86.Final.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/io/netty/netty-codec/4.1.86.Final/netty-codec-4.1.86.Final.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/io/netty/netty-transport/4.1.86.Final/netty-transport-4.1.86.Final.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/io/projectreactor/reactor-core/3.4.26/reactor-core-3.4.26.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/reactivestreams/reactive-streams/1.0.4/reactive-streams-1.0.4.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/2.7.7/spring-boot-starter-web-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-json/2.7.7/spring-boot-starter-json-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jdk8/2.13.4/jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.13.4.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jsr310/2.13.4/jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.13.4.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/module/jackson-module-parameter-names/2.13.4/jackson-module-parameter-names-2.13.4.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/2.7.7/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/9.0.70/tomcat-embed-core-9.0.70.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/9.0.70/tomcat-embed-el-9.0.70.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/9.0.70/tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.70.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-web/5.3.24/spring-web-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/5.3.24/spring-webmvc-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/5.3.24/spring-expression-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-devtools/2.7.7/spring-boot-devtools-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.7.7/spring-boot-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/2.7.7/spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.7.7.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/com/mysql/mysql-connector-j/8.0.31/mysql-connector-j-8.0.31.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/projectlombok/lombok/1.18.24/lombok-1.18.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/5.3.24/spring-core-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-jcl/5.3.24/spring-jcl-5.3.24.jar:/Users/yyyz/.m2/repository/org/apache/httpcomponents/httpclient/4.5.14/httpclient-4.5.14.jar:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar
类加载器初始化过程
底层C++代码调用Java代码创建JVM启动器实例sum.misc.Launcher，Launcher初始化使用了单例模式，保证JVM虚拟机只有一个sum.misc.Launcher实例。
在Launcher构造方法内部创建了两个类加载器，一个是扩展类加载器，一个是应用类加载器。JVM默认使用getAppClassLoader()方法返回的类加载器来加载我们的应用程序
示例代码如下：
public Launcher() {
Launcher.ExtClassLoader var1;
try {
//构造扩展类加载器ExtClassLoader
var1 = Launcher.ExtClassLoader.getExtClassLoader();
} catch (IOException var10) {
throw new InternalError("Could not create extension class loader", var10);
}
try {
//构造应用类加载器AppClassLoader，并设置父类加载器为ExtClassLoader,设置Launcher的loader属性为AppClassLoader
this.loader = Launcher.AppClassLoader.getAppClassLoader(var1);
} catch (IOException var9) {
throw new InternalError("Could not create application class loader", var9);
}
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.loader);
String var2 = System.getProperty("java.security.manager");
}双亲委派机制
双亲委派机制就是在加载某个类时会先委托父类加载器去加载，如果父类加载器在自己的加载路径中未查到需要加载的类，则再由子类加载器加载路径中查找加载
双亲委派源码剖析
下面我们来看下应用类加载器AppClassLoader加载类的双亲委派机制源码，源码如下：
protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
throws ClassNotFoundException
{
synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
// 首先判断下类是否被加载过，如果被加载过直接返回
Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
if (c == null) {
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
try {
//判断父类加载器是否为空
if (parent != null) {
//若父类加载器不为空，则由父类加载器加载
c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
} else {
//若父类加载器为空，则由引导类加载器BootstrapClassLoader加载（）
c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
// from the non-null parent class loader
}
if (c == null) {
// 如果仍未找到，则调用当前类加载器的findClass方法继续查找
long t1 = System.nanoTime();
c = findClass(name);
// this is the defining class loader; record the stats
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
}
}
if (resolve) {
resolveClass(c);
}
return c;
}
}结合源码双亲委派大致步骤如下：
- 首先先判断类是否被加载过，如果被加载过直接返回
- 如果没有被加载过，如果有父类加载器则有父类加载，如果没有父类加载器则有JVM内置的引导类加载器进行加载
- 如果父类加载器及引导类加载器（BootstrapClassLoader）都未查找到指定类，则由调用当前的类加载器的findClass方法自行加载
为什么要设计双亲委派机制
- 沙箱安全机制：防止核心类库被篡改
- 避免类的重复加载：父类已经加载了该类，没必要子类再加载一次，保证被加载类的唯一性
自定义类加载器
自定义加载器只需要集成ClassLoader类，这个类有两个核心方法，一个是loadClass方法实现了双亲委派机制、一个是findClass方法默认，自定义类加载器主要就是重写findClass方法。
示例代码如下：
public class MyClassLoaderTest {
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
static class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader{
private String classPath;
public Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
try {
byte[] data = loadByte(name);
return defineClass(name, data, 0, data.length);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException();
}
}
private byte[] loadByte(String name) throws Exception {
name = name.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(classPath + "/" + name + ".class");
int length = inputStream.available();
byte[] data = new byte[length];
inputStream.read(data);
inputStream.close();
return data;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//自定义类加载器加载路径
MyClassLoader myClassLoader = new MyClassLoader("/Users/yyyz/env/jvmtest");
//类加载器加载指定类，将指定加载类的class文件放在指定的加载路径中
Class clazz = myClassLoader.loadClass("com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.Test");
Object object = clazz.newInstance();
Method method = object.getClass().getMethod("sout");
method.invoke(object,null);
//输出当前类加载器是否是自定义的类加载器
System.out.println(clazz.getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
}
}public class Test {
public static void sout(){
System.out.println("这是自定义类加载器加载的");
}
}运行结果：
这是自定义类加载器加载的
com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.MyClassLoaderTest$MyClassLoader如何打破双亲委派
类加载器中实现双亲委派的方法是loadClass方法，我们只需在掐面写的自定义类加载器中重写一下loadClass方法，干掉原生loadClass方法中的向上委托的地方即可打破双亲委派机制。下面是尝试打破双亲委派机制，用自定义类加载器加载自己实现的java.lang.String.class的示例代码如下:
public class MyClassLoaderTest {
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
static class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
private String classPath;
protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException {
synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
// First, check if the class has already been loaded
Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
if (c == null) {
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
//这块是向上委托的逻辑干掉这块逻辑即可打破双亲委派
//try {
// if (parent != null) {
// c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
// } else {
// c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
// }
//} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
// // from the non-null parent class loader
//}
if (c == null) {
// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
// to find the class.
long t1 = System.nanoTime();
c = findClass(name);
// this is the defining class loader; record the stats
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
}
}
if (resolve) {
resolveClass(c);
}
return c;
}
}
public Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
try {
byte[] data = loadByte(name);
return defineClass(name, data, 0, data.length);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new ClassNotFoundException();
}
}
private byte[] loadByte(String name) throws Exception {
name = name.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(classPath + "/" + name + ".class");
int length = inputStream.available();
byte[] data = new byte[length];
inputStream.read(data);
inputStream.close();
return data;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
MyClassLoader myClassLoader = new MyClassLoader("/Users/yyyz/env/jvmtest");
Class clazz = myClassLoader.loadClass("java.lang.String");
Object object = clazz.newInstance();
Method method = object.getClass().getMethod("replace");
method.invoke(object, null);
System.out.println(clazz.getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
}
}
运行结果：
java.lang.SecurityException: Prohibited package name: java.lang
at java.lang.ClassLoader.preDefineClass(ClassLoader.java:655)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:754)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:635)
at com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.MyClassLoaderTest$MyClassLoader.findClass(MyClassLoaderTest.java:66)
at com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.MyClassLoaderTest$MyClassLoader.loadClass(MyClassLoaderTest.java:48)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:351)
at com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.MyClassLoaderTest.main(MyClassLoaderTest.java:86)
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassNotFoundException
at com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.MyClassLoaderTest$MyClassLoader.findClass(MyClassLoaderTest.java:69)
at com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.MyClassLoaderTest$MyClassLoader.loadClass(MyClassLoaderTest.java:48)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:351)
at com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.MyClassLoaderTest.main(MyClassLoaderTest.java:86)这个异常是返回的安全异常，禁止加载java.lang包，这个就是前面讲的沙箱安全机制，这个机制可以防止核心类库被篡改。
打破双亲委派的场景
Tomcat容器如何打破双亲委派机制
tomcat是一个web容器，它需要解决什么问题：
- 一个web容器可能需要部署多个应用，不同的应用程序可能会依赖同一个第三方类库的不同版本，不能要求同一个类库在同一个服务器只有一份，因此要保证每个类库都是独立的，保证相互隔离
- 部署在同一个web容器中，相同的类库的相同版本可以共享
- web容器也有自己依赖的类库，不能需应用程序的类库混淆，需要将容器类库与应用程序类库保持隔离
- web容器需要支持jsp的修改，需要支持修改jsp后不重启
基于上面四个问题，我们可以看下tomcat为什么要打破双亲委派
第一个问题，如果使用默认的类加载机制，是不支持加载相同类库不同版本的，默认类加载器需要确保被加载类的唯一性
第二个问题，默认类加载器可以实现，默认类加载器的职责就是唯一的
第三个问题和第一个问题一样
第四个问题，如果要实现jsp文件的热加载，jsp文件其实也就是class文件，如果文件修改，类名称不变，默认类加载器还是会去直接取方法区中已经存在的，修改后的jsp文件是不会被重新加载的，每个jsp文件都会对应一个jsp类加载器，如果jsp被修改了，就会直接卸载这个jsp类加载器，重新创建类加载器，重新加载jsp文件
Tomcat主要类加载器：
- CommonClassLoader：Tomcat最基本的类加载器，加载路径的class对web容器和各个webapp都可见
- CatalinaClassLoader：web容器私有的类加载器，加载路径的class只对web容器可见
- SharedClassLoader：各个webapp共享的类加载器，加载路径的class对所有webapp可见，对web容器不可见
- WebappClassLoader：各个webapp的私有类加载器，加载路径的class只对当前webapp可见
通过上图的委派关系中可以看出：
- CommonClassLoader加载的类也都能被CatalinaClassLoader和SharedClassLoader使用，实现了公有库公用的问题
- CatalinaClassLoader和SharedClassLoader自己能加载的类对对方相互隔离
- WebappClassLoader可以使用SharedClassLoader加载的类，每个war包都有自己对应的WebappClassLoader，各个实例之间可以实现相互隔离
- JaspLoader加载范围仅仅是这个jsp所编译出来的那一个class文件，出现的目的就是为了被丢弃，每当jsp文件被修改，会替换到当前JaspLoader的实例，并通过在新建一个新的jsp类加载器实现jsp的热加载功能
tomcat这种为了实现隔离性，WebappClassLoader加载自己目录下的class文件，不会传递给父类加载器加载，打破了双亲委派机制
下面是模拟tomcat实现WebappClassLoader加载自己war包应用内不同版本类实现相互共存与隔离,也是基于上面的打破双亲委派的自定义类加载器实现的，代码示例如下：
public class MyClassLoaderTest {
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
static class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
private String classPath;
protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException {
synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
// First, check if the class has already been loaded
Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
if (c == null) {
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
//这块是向上委托的逻辑干掉这块逻辑即可打破双亲委派
//try {
// if (parent != null) {
// c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
// } else {
// c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
// }
//} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
// // from the non-null parent class loader
//}
if (c == null) {
// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
// to find the class.
long t1 = System.nanoTime();
if (!name.startsWith("com.demo.zsydemo.jvm")) {
c = this.getParent().loadClass(name);
} else {
c = findClass(name);
}
// this is the defining class loader; record the stats
PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
}
}
if (resolve) {
resolveClass(c);
}
return c;
}
}
public Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
try {
byte[] data = loadByte(name);
return defineClass(name, data, 0, data.length);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new ClassNotFoundException();
}
}
private byte[] loadByte(String name) throws Exception {
name = name.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(classPath + "/" + name + ".class");
int length = inputStream.available();
byte[] data = new byte[length];
inputStream.read(data);
inputStream.close();
return data;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
MyClassLoader myClassLoader = new MyClassLoader("/Users/yyyz/env/jvmtest");
Class clazz = myClassLoader.loadClass("com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.TomcatTest");
Object object = clazz.newInstance();
Method method = object.getClass().getMethod("sout");
method.invoke(object, null);
System.out.println(clazz.getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
System.out.println("--------------分割线--------------");
MyClassLoader myClassLoader1= new MyClassLoader("/Users/yyyz/env/jvmtest01");
Class clazz1 = myClassLoader1.loadClass("com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.TomcatTest");
Object object1 = clazz1.newInstance();
Method method1 = object1.getClass().getMethod("sout");
method1.invoke(object1, null);
System.out.println(clazz.getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
}
}运行结果：
模拟tomcat测试类——TomcatTest
com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.MyClassLoaderTest$MyClassLoader
--------------分割线--------------
另外一个模拟tomcat测试类——TomcatTest
com.demo.zsydemo.jvm.MyClassLoaderTest$MyClassLoader同一个JVM内，两个相同包名和类名的类对象可以共存，因为他们的类加载器可能是不一样，所以看两个对象是否是同一个，除了看类名和包名是否是同一个，还要看类加载器是否是同一个。
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