Linux不重启磁盘扩容

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已于 2022-11-03 23:57:17 修改

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分类专栏：运维文章标签： linux 运维服务器磁盘扩容

于 2022-11-03 15:27:53 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42259469/article/details/127667374

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zabbix在告警有服务器磁盘超过80%了
在这里插入图片描述
可以看到确实超过80%了，root分区只有50个G
输入fdisk -l 查看分区有322.1GB，root53.7GB，home 48GB,剩下200G空间没有挂载

[root@java_test ~]# fdisk -l

磁盘 /dev/sda：322.1 GB, 322122547200 字节，629145600 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000ac329

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   209715199   103808000   8e  Linux LVM

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节，104857600 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：4160 MB, 4160749568 字节，8126464 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-home：48.4 GB, 48444211200 字节，94617600 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

[root@java_test ~]#

磁盘分区操作
依次操作：fdisk /dev/sda-p-n-p-回车-回车-回车-t-3-l-8e-w

[root@java_test ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。

更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。


命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p

磁盘 /dev/sda：322.1 GB, 322122547200 字节，629145600 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000ac329

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   209715199   103808000   8e  Linux LVM

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (3,4，默认 3)：
起始 扇区 (209715200-629145599，默认为 209715200)：
将使用默认值 209715200
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (209715200-629145599，默认为 629145599)：
将使用默认值 629145599
分区 3 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 200 GiB

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：t
分区号 (1-3，默认 3)：3
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：l

 0  空              24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / 旧 Linu bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           27  隐藏的 NTFS Win 82  Linux 交换 / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 隐藏的 C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux 扩展      c7  Syrinx         
 5  扩展            41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS 卷集       da  非文件系统数据 
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS 卷集       db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux 纯文本    de  Dell 工具      
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 第2部分  8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX 可启动      4f  QNX4.x 第3部分  93  Amoeba          e1  DOS 访问       
 a  OS/2 启动管理器 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad 休 eb  BeOS fs        
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
 f  W95 扩展 (LBA)  54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC  
11  隐藏的 FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
12  Compaq 诊断     5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
14  隐藏的 FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin 启动     f2  DOS 次要       
16  隐藏的 FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
17  隐藏的 HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
18  AST 智能睡眠    65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid 自动
1b  隐藏的 W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure 多启 bb  Boot Wizard 隐  fe  LANstep        
1c  隐藏的 W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris 启动    ff  BBT            
1e  隐藏的 W95 FAT1 80  旧 Minix       
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：8e
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
正在同步磁盘。
[root@java_test ~]#

合并容量操作：
partprobe
pvcreate /dev/sda3
pvdisplay
vgextend centos /dev/sda3
lvdisplay
vgdisplay
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root
vgdisplay
xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root

[root@java_test ~]# partprobe
[root@java_test ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
[root@java_test ~]# 
[root@java_test ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <99.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25343
  Free PE               1
  Allocated PE          25342
  PV UUID               3qW0YP-H70T-88D8-Eojj-C3IN-bkkq-SziEoU
   
  "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "200.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               
  PV Size               200.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               j4lTjU-eCpu-AT08-bUXI-GFah-okVW-02e6hr
   
[root@java_test ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@java_test ~]# 
[root@java_test ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                TMJEdD-OQHz-4sS8-24NM-ZtI0-dP6K-XE0j24
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-07-26 23:45:43 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                <3.88 GiB
  Current LE             992
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                hZVDka-AVhF-9z9j-jCJX-cAFX-UffP-71HlsN
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-07-26 23:45:43 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <45.12 GiB
  Current LE             11550
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                ee1Dwc-syye-jR1T-uSMm-d5Cg-zrEK-iAA30e
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-07-26 23:45:43 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                50.00 GiB
  Current LE             12800
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
[root@java_test ~]# 
[root@java_test ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               298.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              76542
  Alloc PE / Size       25342 / 98.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       51200 / 200.00 GiB
  VG UUID               ME6HG8-wO57-9wok-Vgor-l8ji-wsxc-VboTyQ
   
[root@java_test ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 50.00 GiB (12800 extents) to 250.00 GiB (64000 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@java_test ~]# 
[root@java_test ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               298.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              76542
  Alloc PE / Size       76542 / 298.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               ME6HG8-wO57-9wok-Vgor-l8ji-wsxc-VboTyQ
   
[root@java_test ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=3276800 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=13107200, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=6400, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 13107200 to 65536000

最后查看一下磁盘空间，已经扩到250GB了，前面是50G

[root@java_test ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                  16G     0   16G    0% /dev
tmpfs                     16G     0   16G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     16G   66M   16G    1% /run
tmpfs                     16G     0   16G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root  250G   42G  209G   17% /
/dev/sda1               1014M  225M  790M   23% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home   46G   33M   46G    1% /home
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/62555d516dba28f31de4b0b002703bae768d96623a285a4c9448ce4440f9b176/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/e336f5933f018baec7a3d50e494d2183bf4e8f4e219bbbdd19fa1b0f107ca136/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/3a4582684131f04b24daf9d8a9d2081f1996b12f9b10183ba17f023a47f949eb/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/695f5669aede094fdd4a5426aa5bb5204cf00c0938660351465a4645b8137867/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/f53368a1058b66a20fdae046aa16ad908718853ff0a8d5b111c117b198255617/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/739ea0f15d0ce0c4eeac60275b3084ce29a1f4859ac3385c8a8729a10af006ba/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/58c67004db03897a13f19dc722f07a628c626de547780867e1b8ec28aea0495c/merged
tmpfs                    3.2G     0  3.2G    0% /run/user/0
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/53914c54bff97042e030c74602971612e3b7341740c94c1aff577d967de90a4c/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/0ae3f2622518354ff45a85b223b7dbf589ac0679d1a607c9322afcf650a3669a/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/db60113caa2fbcb4bb9d856063a760955c20fada14b895116e03367afe4daa14/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b60ffdd39079decf0d8617ffbb0ffa138aa0a420f93d1c46e8bf78de28d01a1/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/31ca5b9f754f8a417c33977c0301dcdaece36839d5bc367e692d8ef3188eeb9a/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/8363a9a31bc03b89097b73bacd39a6675a27e49e7b444e797d615445e65e0a02/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/703c63e24f51e18a7e32c40f6800d1403eceaa1dceab27da8a9b7714d89063a0/merged
overlay                  250G   42G  209G   17% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/a608e795e7ec266d1863c9ea9ea9104a52bd1b71faa73a7fa289dd47a0878cba/merged
[root@java_test ~]#

在这里插入图片描述

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Linux不重启磁盘扩容

输入fdisk -l 查看分区有322.1GB，root53.7GB，home 48GB,剩下200G空间没有挂载。依次操作：fdisk /dev/vda-p-n-p-回车-回车-回车-t-3-l-8e-w。最后查看一下磁盘空间，已经扩到250GB了，前面是50G。可以看到确实超过80%了，root分区只有50个G。zabbix在告警有服务器磁盘超过80%了。
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