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写在最前面：从最简单讲起
先看一个最简单的类的例子
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.sex = s
-
self.__weight = w
-
-
def infomation(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight))
-
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
p = people(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man')
-
p.infomation()
简单的不能再简单了
Mike is a 25 yesrs old man and weights 60kg
当我试图在类外直接访问私有属性
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.sex = s
-
self.__weight = w
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight))
-
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
p = people(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man')
-
print(p.__weight)
会报错
AttributeError: 'people' object has no attribute '__weight'
说明weight作为私有属性，不能直接访问
那有没有可能绕过去呢，可以
为了方便描述，我们给prople类再加一个私有属性height并赋值180，然后我们试图访问__height
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.sex = s
-
self.__weight = w
-
self.__height =
180
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight))
-
-
-
-
class Programmer(people):
-
language =
''
-
-
def __init__(self,n, a, w, s, l):
-
# 调用父类的构函
-
people.__init_
_(
self, n, a, w, s)
-
self.language = l
-
# 重写父类的方法
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg.He uses %d" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight,
self.language))
-
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
p = people(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man')
-
print(p.__height)
AttributeError: 'people' object has no attribute '__height'
很显然，不可以
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.sex = s
-
self.__weight = w
-
self.__height =
180
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
p = people(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man')
-
print(p._people__height)
诶，这样就可以了
180
然后我们创造一个Programmer来继承这个类的所有属性，包括私有属性然后又加了一个language的非私有属性
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.sex = s
-
self.__weight = w
-
self.__height =
180
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight))
-
-
-
-
class Programmer(people):
-
language =
''
-
-
def __init__(self,n, a, w, s, l):
-
# 调用父类的构函
-
people.__init_
_(
self, n, a, w, s)
-
self.language = l
-
# 重写父类的方法
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %dkg.He uses %s" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight,
self.language))
-
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
p = people(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man')
-
print(p._people__weight)
-
q = Programmer(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man',
'python')
-
p.information()
-
q.information()
运行，我们会发现报错
AttributeError: 'Programmer' object has no attribute '_Programmer__weight'
如果要访问，应该是这样
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.sex = s
-
self.__weight = w
-
self.__height =
180
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight))
-
-
-
-
class Programmer(people):
-
language =
''
-
-
def __init__(self,n, a, w, s, l):
-
# 调用父类的构函
-
people.__init_
_(
self, n, a, w, s)
-
self.language = l
-
# 重写父类的方法
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %dkg.He uses %s" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self._people__weight,
self.language))
-
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
p = people(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man')
-
print(p._people__weight)
-
q = Programmer(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man',
'python')
-
p.information()
-
q.information()
-
Mike
is a
25 yesrs old man
and weights
60kg
-
Mike
is a
25 yesrs old man
and weights
60kg.He
uses python
如果我们访问非私有属性
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.sex = s
-
self.__weight = w
-
self.__height =
180
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight))
-
-
-
-
class Programmer(people):
-
language =
''
-
-
def __init__(self,n, a, w, s, l):
-
# 调用父类的构函
-
people.__init_
_(
self, n, a, w, s)
-
self.language = l
-
# 重写父类的方法
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg.He uses %d" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight,
self.language))
-
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
p = people(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man')
-
print(p._people__weight)
-
q = Programmer(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man',
'python')
-
p.information()
-
#print(q._Programmer__height)
-
print(q.name)
自然是可以的
-
60
-
Mike
is a
25 yesrs old man
and weights
60kg
-
Mike
如果我们不继承weight
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.sex = s
-
self.__weight = w
-
self.__height =
180
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight))
-
-
-
-
class Programmer(people):
-
language =
''
-
-
def __init__(self,n, a, s, l):
-
# 调用父类的构函
-
people.__init_
_(
self, n, a, s, l)
-
self.language = l
-
# 重写父类的方法
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and he uses %s" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.language))
-
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
p = people(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man')
-
print(p._people__weight)
-
q = Programmer(
'Mike',
25,
'man',
'python')
-
p.information()
-
#print(q._Programmer__height)
-
print(q.name)
-
q.information()
-
60
-
Mike
is a
25 yesrs old man
and weights
60kg
-
Mike
-
Mike
is a
25 yesrs old python
and he
uses python
对于私有属性，我们虽然继承了，但是可以用不上
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s, h):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.__weight = w
-
self.sex = s
-
self.height = h
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight))
-
print(
self.sex)
-
-
-
class Programmer(people):
-
-
language =
''
-
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w, s, h, l):
-
# 调用父类的构函
-
people.__init_
_(
self, n, a, w, s, h)
-
self.language = l
-
# 重写父类的方法
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and he is %d tall and he uses %s" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.height,
self.language))
-
-
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
q = Programmer(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man',
170,
'python')
-
q.information()
Mike is a 25 yesrs old man and he is 170 tall and he uses python
可以看到，虽然我们继承了weight，参数也给了weight，但是我们并没有用到，如果想要访问weight这个私有属性呢
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s, h):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.__weight = w
-
self.sex = s
-
self.height = h
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight))
-
print(
self.sex)
-
-
-
class Programmer(people):
-
-
language =
''
-
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w, s, h,l):
-
# 调用父类的构函
-
people.__init_
_(
self, n, a, w, s, h)
-
self.language = l
-
# 重写父类的方法
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and he is %d tall and he uses %s,weights %dkg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.height,
self.language,
self._people__weight))
-
-
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
q = Programmer(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man',
170,
'python')
-
q.information()
然后可以看到
Mike is a 25 yesrs old man and he is 170 tall and he uses python,weights 60kg
如果我们想直接通过子类访问父类的私有属性呢？也可以
-
class people:
-
-
name =
''
# 定义基本属性
-
age =
0
-
sex =
''
-
__weight =
0
# 定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
-
-
# 定义构造方法
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w ,s, h):
-
self.name = n
-
self.age = a
-
self.__weight = w
-
self.sex = s
-
self.height = h
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and weights %skg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.__weight))
-
print(
self.sex)
-
-
-
class Programmer(people):
-
-
language =
''
-
-
def __init__(self, n, a, w, s, h,l):
-
# 调用父类的构函
-
people.__init_
_(
self, n, a, w, s, h)
-
self.language = l
-
# 重写父类的方法
-
-
def information(self):
-
print(
"%s is a %d yesrs old %s and he is %d tall and he uses %s,weights %dkg" % (
self.name,
self.age,
self.sex,
self.height,
self.language,
self._people__weight))
-
-
-
-
if __name_
_ ==
'__main__':
-
# 实例化类
-
q = Programmer(
'Mike',
25,
60,
'man',
170,
'python')
-
q.information()
-
print(q._people__weight)
-
Mike
is a
25 yesrs old man
and he
is
170 tall
and he
uses python,weights
60kg
-
60
再来看一个例子，是我看到某位博主的贴一下他的代码
-
class Person(object):
-
# 构造函数
-
def __init__(self, name):
-
self.name = name
-
self.__age =
18
-
-
obj = Person(
"lily")
-
print(obj.name)
-
-
class Student(Person):
-
def __init__(self):
-
self.__gender =
'male'
-
-
stu = Student()
-
print(stu._Student__gender)
-
print(stu._Person__age)
这里他当然无法访问age，因为没有继承父类的构造函数，应该像这样
-
class Person(object):
-
# 构造函数
-
def __init__(self, name):
-
self.name = name
-
self.__age =
18
-
-
-
obj = Person(
"lily")
-
print(obj.name)
-
-
-
class Student(Person):
-
def __init__(self,name):
-
Person.__init__(self,name)
-
self.__gender =
'male'
-
-
-
stu = Student(
'lily')
-
print(stu._Student__gender)
-
print(stu.name)
-
print(stu._Person__age)
这个很容易使人产生困惑，今天差点没把我绕死，以上的例子都是很经典的，我精心设计的，希望大家能学到一点东西
本来是想写类的继承的，写到私有属性上去了。。。
做学问呢要严谨，一丝不苟，我会对我的每一行代码负责，绝不复制粘贴，用心给大家讲解
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