如何使用Mabatis操作数据库

参考mybatis文档

第一步：数据库的准备，以mysql为例。

CREATE DATABASE mybatis;
USE mybatis;

CREATE TABLE USER(
id INT(11) AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
username VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL,
psw VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO USER VALUES
(NULL,'小明','123456'),
(NULL,'小','123456'),
(NULL,'小明','123456')

第二步：配置pom.xml相关依赖

    <dependencies>
        <!--        mysql驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--导入mybatis环境-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        junit单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!--    在build中配置resuorces，如果不配置，-->
    <!--则maven默认不会把我们项目下的.xml/.properties生成到target中去-->
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
</project>

注意：如果pom中不对build中的进行配置，测试之后报如下错，其实是因为不这样配置的话我们自己写的在java目录下的配置文件将不会生成到Target中去，故运行时就找不到该配置。

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
......省略.....
 Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
### Error building SqlSession.
### The error may exist in com/hhx/dao/UserMapper.xml
### Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: java.io.IOException: Could not find resource com/hhx/dao/UserMapper.xml
没有找到资源文件UserMapper.xml
 at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:30)

第三步：resources下的mybatis-config.xml的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <environments default="development">
        <!--        开发环境-->
        <environment id="development">
            <!--            默认jdbc事务管理-->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <!--           默认数据源-->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <!--                使用安全连接useSSL=true,&amp=&,对&符号转义;useUnicode编码，支持中文,否则乱码-->
                <property name="url"
                          value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="mysql123"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <!--扫描配置问件的位置，-->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/hhx/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

注意：如果扫描文件的位置不配置，则报如下错误：UserMapper 无法知道你配置的在MapperRegistry（mapper注册）中的UserMapper.xml

org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Type interface com.hhx.dao.UserMapper is not known to the MapperRegistry.

第四步：项目总体截图如下：

第五步：编写各个包下的代码

实体层（entity包下）代码（User.java）

注意：字段要与数据库中的一一对应。

package com.hhx.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author 黄河祥
 * @create 2020/2/19  10:42
 */
public class User implements Serializable {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String psw;
//无参构造方法
    public User() {
    }
//有参构造方法
    public User(int id, String username, String psw) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.psw = psw;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPsw() {
        return psw;
    }

    public void setPsw(String psw) {
        this.psw = psw;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", psw='" + psw + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

工具类utils下的MybatisUtils.java

package com.hhx.utils;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @author 黄河祥
 * @create 2020/2/19  11:00
 * mybatis 使用
 */
public class MybatisUtils {
    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;

    static {
        try {
            //资源路径下的，可以直接读取，使用mybatis第一步：获取sqlSessionFactory对象
            String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
            InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /* 既然有了 SqlSessionFactory，顾名思义，我们就可以从中获得 SqlSession 的实例了。
    SqlSession 完全包含了面向数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法。
    你可以通过 SqlSession 实例来直接执行已映射的 SQL 语句*/
    public static SqlSession getSqlSession() {
        return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    }
}

持久层（dao）下的UserMapper.java,其实相当于原来的UserDao

package com.hhx.dao;

import com.hhx.entity.User;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author 黄河祥
 * @create 2020/2/19  11:15
 */
public interface UserMapper {
    //遍历数据库中的User
    public List<User> getUserList();
}

持久层（dao）下的UserMapper.xml,相当于原来的UserDaoImpl

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace=绑定一个对应的Dao/Mapper接口;相当于一个dao的实现类-->
<mapper namespace="com.hhx.dao.UserMapper">
<!--    id=Dao中的方法名;resultType=返回的结果集类型，对应定义的实体类 -->
    <select id="getUserList" resultType="com.hhx.entity.User">
    select * from mybatis.user
  </select>
</mapper>

第六步：测试

package com.hhx.dao;

import com.hhx.entity.User;
import com.hhx.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author 黄河祥
 * @create 2020/2/19  11:29
 */
public class UserMapperTest {
    @Test
    public void UserDaoTest(){
        //第一步：获得sqlSession
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
        for (User user : userList) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
}

测试结果：