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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-30 14:17:39 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-30 14:17:39 发布

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分类专栏：数据库问题文章标签： sql

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42326257/article/details/99695964

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本文提供了一系列复杂的SQL查询示例，涉及学生、教师、课程和成绩表的数据操作。内容包括：比较不同课程成绩、筛选高分学生、查询教师数量、找出与特定学生课程相同的学生、统计未全修课程的学生、查询特定老师授课学生信息、过滤不及格课程、显示所有课程成绩及平均分、计算成绩分布率、排名和各分数段人数、筛选成绩前三名、查找特定选修门数的学生、搜索特定字符姓名、年龄计算以及生日相关查询等。

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学生表 Student

create table Student(Sid varchar(6), Sname varchar(10), Sage datetime, Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女')

成绩表 SC

create table SC(Sid varchar(10), Cid varchar(10), score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98)

课程表 Course

create table Course(Cid varchar(10),Cname varchar(10),Tid varchar(10));
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03')

教师表 Teacher

create table Teacher(Tid varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五')

四张表之间的关联很简单：

查询” 01 “课程比” 02 “课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

select s.*, a.score as score_01, b.score as score_02
from student s,
     (select sid, score from sc where cid=01) a,
     (select sid, score from sc where cid=02) b
where a.sid = b.sid and a.score > b.score and s.sid = a.sid

查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

select s.sid, sname, avg(score) as avg_score
from student as s, sc
where s.sid = sc.sid
group by s.sid
having avg_score > 60

查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息

select * from student where sid in (select sid from sc where score is not null)

查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )

select s.sid, s.sname, count(cid) as 选课总数, sum(score) as 总成绩
from student as s left join sc
on s.sid = sc.sid
group by s.sid

4.1 查有成绩的学生信息

原作者：

select s.sid, s.sname, count(*) as 选课总数, sum(score) as 总成绩,
    sum(case when cid = 01 then score else null end) as score_01,
    sum(case when cid = 02 then score else null end) as score_02,
    sum(case when cid = 03 then score else null end) as score_03
from student as s, sc
where s.sid = sc.sid
group by s.sid

自己的：

SELECT DISTINCT a.* FROM 
student a 
left join sc b on a.Sid = b.Sid
where b.score!= ISNULL(b.score)

查询「李」姓老师的数量

select count(tname) from teacher where tname like '李%'

查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

原作者：

select * from student where sid in (
    select sid from sc, course, teacher
    where sc.cid = course.cid
     and course.tid = teacher.tid
     and tname = '张三'
)

原作者2：

select * from Student
where sid in(select distinct Sid from SC
where cid=(select Cid from Course
where Tid=(select Tid from Teacher where Tname='张三')))

自己的：

SELECT  a.* FROM 
student a 
left join sc b on a.Sid = b.Sid 
left join teacher c on c.Tid = b.Cid
where c.Tname = '张三'

查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

select * from student where sid in (select sid from sc group by sid having count(cid) < 3)

查询和” 01 “号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
这道题号称是所有题目里最难的一道，我虽然做了出来，但是写法很麻烦，不必要。原作者写的很简洁：

select * from Student
where Sid in(
    select Sid from SC
    where Cid in (select Cid from SC where Sid = '01') and Sid <>'01'
    group by Sid
    having COUNT(Cid)>=3
)

查询至少有一门课与学号为” 01 “的同学所学相同的同学的信息

和第9题基本一致，还是原作者写的好一些

select * from Student where Sid in(
    select distinct Sid from SC where Cid in(
        select Cid from SC where Sid='01'
    )
)

查询没学过”张三”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

一般涉及到”任意”的都会用到not in这样的取反的结构：

select sname from student
where sname not in (
    select s.sname
    from student as s, course as c, teacher as t, sc
    where s.sid = sc.sid
        and sc.cid = c.cid
        and c.tid = t.tid
        and t.tname = '张三'
)

查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

select s.sid, s.sname, avg(score)
from student as s, sc
where s.sid = sc.sid and score<60
group by s.sid
having count(score)>=2

检索” 01 “课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

select s.* ,score
from student as s, sc
where cid = 01
  and score < 60
  and s.sid=sc.sid
order by score desc

按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

select sid,
    sum(case when cid=01 then score else null end) as score_01,
    sum(case when cid=02 then score else null end) as score_02,
    sum(case when cid=03 then score else null end) as score_03,
    avg(score)
from sc group by sid
order by avg(score) desc

14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分，以如下形式显示：课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率(及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90）。
要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列

select c.cid as 课程号, c.cname as 课程名称, count(*) as 选修人数,
    max(score) as 最高分, min(score) as 最低分, avg(score) as 平均分,
    sum(case when score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as 及格率,
    sum(case when score >= 70 and score < 80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as 中等率,
    sum(case when score >= 80 and score < 90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as 优良率,
    sum(case when score >= 90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as 优秀率
from sc, course c
where c.cid = sc.cid
group by c.cid
order by count(*) desc, c.cid asc

按平均成绩进行排序，显示总排名和各科排名，Score 重复时保留名次空缺

这里改了一下，修成了求各科成绩的排名，注意的是用rank不行，貌似冲突。

select a.*,(count(b.score)+1) as rank1
from sc a 
left join sc b on a.Cid = b.Cid and a.score < b.score
group by a.Cid,a.Cid
order by rank1

15.1 按平均成绩进行排序，显示总排名和各科排名，Score 重复时合并名次

这里只是条件改变了

select a.*,(count(b.score)+1) as rank1
from sc a 
left join sc b on a.Cid = b.Cid and (a.score < b.score or (a.score = b.score and a.id > b.id))
group by a.Cid,a.Cid
order by rank1

方法2：但是有个问题，第一次执行时错误，然后才行

SELECT * 
,IF(@prec=Cid,@rank:=@rank+1,@rank:=1) AS 名次,
@prec:=Cid
FROM sc
ORDER BY Cid,score DESC

统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分比

select c.cid as 课程编号, c.cname as 课程名称, A.*
from course as c,
(select cid,
    sum(case when score >= 85 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as 100_85,
    sum(case when score >= 70 and score < 85 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as 85_70,
    sum(case when score >= 60 and score < 70 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as 70_60,
    sum(case when score < 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as 60_0
from sc group by cid) as A
where c.cid = A.cid

查询各科成绩前三名的记录

这个没试，但是用上面的拍好名次后用limit或者having也可以挑出来

select * from (select *, rank() over(partition by cid order by score desc) as graderank from sc) A 
where A.graderank <= 3

查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

select s.sid, s.sname, count(cid)
from student s, sc
where s.sid = sc.sid
group by s.sid
having count(cid)=2

查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

select * from student where sname like '%风%'

查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

select * from student where year(sage) = 1990

成绩不重复，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

select s.*, max(score)
from student s, teacher t, course c, sc
where s.sid = sc.sid
    and sc.cid = c.cid
    and c.tid = t.tid
    and t.tname = '张三'

成绩有重复的情况下，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

select * from (
    select *, DENSE_RANK() over (order by score desc) A
    from SC
    where Cid = (select Cid from Course where Tid=(select Tid from Teacher where Tname='张三'))
) B

查询各学生的年龄，只按年份来算

select sname, year(now())-year(sage) as age from student

按照出生日期来算，当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则，年龄减一

select sname, timestampdiff(year, sage, now()) as age from student

查询本周过生日的学生

select * from student where week(now()) = week(sage)

查询下周过生日的学生

select * from student where (week(now())+1) = week(sage)

查询本月过生日的学生

select * from student where month(now()) = month(sage)

查询下月过生日的学生

select * from student where (month(now())+1) = month(sage)

另外的题目：

46.生成随机数

select floor(rand()*N) ---生成的数是这样的：12.0  

select cast( floor(rand()*N) as int) ---生成的数是这样的：12  

select ceiling(rand() * N) ---生成的数是这样的：12.0  
select cast(ceiling(rand() * N) as int) ---生成的数是这样的：12

47.中位数和众位数

CREATE TABLE graduates (
  name varchar(255) ,
  income int4(255) 
);

INSERT INTO graduates VALUES ('亚索', '400000');
INSERT INTO graduates VALUES ('李青', '30000');
INSERT INTO graduates VALUES ('卡特', '20000');
INSERT INTO graduates VALUES ('金克斯', '20000');
INSERT INTO graduates VALUES ('维鲁斯', '20000');
INSERT INTO graduates VALUES ('伊泽瑞尔', '15000');
INSERT INTO graduates VALUES ('图奇', '15000');
INSERT INTO graduates VALUES ('克格莫', '10000');
INSERT INTO graduates VALUES ('薇恩', '10000');
INSERT INTO graduates VALUES ('希维尔', '10000');

### 众位

select income,count(*) cnt 
from graduates
group by income
having count(*) >= (
select max(cnt) from (select count(*) cnt from graduates group by income) tmp
);

### 中位

select AVG(DISTINCT income)
from (
select T1.income from graduates T1,graduates T2
group by T1.income
having sum(case when T2.income >= T1.income then 1 else 0 end) >= count(*)/2
and sum(case when T2.income <= T1.income then 1 else 0 end) >= count(*)/2
) tmp;