javaWeb入门的小应用

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 00:08:30 发布

able陈

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 00:08:30 发布

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分类专栏： javaWeb 文章标签： javaWeb不使用框架

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42330141/article/details/95446588

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最近在学习javaWeb，跟着书上写了一个简单的学生信息管理的小项目，虽然是照着书写的，但是其中还是有很多的值得自己思考的地方，这里就总结分享一下，期望大家可以给我提一些建议，也可以介绍一下自己的心得，有问题的也可以留言讨论一下。

#简单的web学生管理系统

更好的排版地址：https://www.zybuluo.com/Ablechen/note/1511296

##在项目中需要用到的包

bean(用于封装数据)
servlet(提供动作,逻辑服务)
db(用于连接数据库)
jsp(用于数据的显示，和用户进行交互)

##使用的数据库
mysql
在这里插入图片描述

##在实际中值得注意的地方
在整个项目的过程中，有的页面之间需要进行信息的传递，比如通过servlet向loginServlet.jsp页面需要传送数据rs(一个返回结果集),这里使用的就是为session设置属性来保存自己需要的数据。然后进行增删改之后，再更新session的属性，这样就达到了使得loginServlet.jsp页面显示的更新。

还有就是有关PreparedStatement的setString方法的使用

使用setString/setInt之类的方法可以为SQL语句中提供参量，便于动态的执行sql语句

    String sql = "insert into student(name, sex, specialty, grade) values(?, ?, ?, ?)"

其中的每一个问号都是一个需要填充的形参，位置是从1开始的，而不是0

使用隐藏属性提供参数
当有一些参数是下一个页面所必需的，但是又不需要再页面中显示的时候，隐藏属性得到了运用

    <input type="hidden" name=*** value=***>

在jsp页面中和html嵌套使用判断语句进行逻辑控制

    <%if(condition) { %>
    html标签
    <% } else if(condition2) { %>
    html标签
    <% } else if(condition3) { %>
    html标签
    <% } %>

index.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生管理系统</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="LoginServer" method="post">
		<table align="center" border="1">
			<tr>
				<td colspan="2" align="center">管理员登陆界面</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>用户名:</td>
				<td>
					<input type="text" name="admin">
				</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>密码:</td>
				<td>
					<input type="password" name="upwd">
				</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td colspan="2" align="center">
					<input type="submit" value="登陆">
				</td>
			</tr>
		</table>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

loginAction.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="java.sql.*" %>
<%
	ResultSet rs = (ResultSet) session.getAttribute("rs");
%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生管理系统</title>
</head>
<body>
	<table align="center" border="1">
		<tr>
			<td align="center" colspan="6">学生信息</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>姓名</td>
			<td>性别</td>
			<td>专业</td>
			<td>年级</td>
			<td align="center" colspan="2">操作
			</td>
		</tr>
		<%
			while(rs.next()){
		%>
		<tr>
			<td><%=rs.getString("name") %></td>
			<td><%=rs.getString("sex") %></td>
			<td><%=rs.getString("specialty") %></td>
			<td><%=rs.getString("grade") %></td>
			<td>
				<a href="SelectServlet?id=<%=rs.getInt("id") %>">修改</a>
			</td>
			<td>
				<!-- 这里使用了javascript函数 -->
				<a href="DeleteServlet?id=<%=rs.getInt("id") %>" onclick
				= "return confirm('确定要删除吗?');">删除</a>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<%
			}
		%>
		<tr>
			<td align="center" colspan="6">
				<a href="stuAdd.jsp">添加</a>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</table>
</body>
</html>

stuAdd.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>添加学生信息</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="AddServlet" method="post">
		<table align="center">
			<tr>
				<td colspan="2">添加学生信息</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>学号</td>
				<td>
					<input type="text" name="unumber">
				</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>姓名</td>
				<td>
					<input type="text" name="uname">
				</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>性别</td>
				<td>
					<input type="radio" name="ugender" value="男">男
					<input type="radio" name="ugender" value="女">女
				</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>专业</td>
				<td>
					<input type="text" name="specialty">
				</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>年级</td>
				<td>
				<select name="ugrade">
					<option value="大一">大一</option>
					<option value="大二">大二</option>
					<option value="大三">大三</option>
					<option value="大四">大四</option>
				</select>
				</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td colspan="2" align="center">
					<input type="submit" value="添加"> 
				</td>
			</tr>
		</table>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

stuEdit.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="bean.Student" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>修改学生信息</title>
</head>
<%
	Student stu = (Student) session.getAttribute("stu");
%>
<body>
	<form action="EditServlet" method="post">
		<table align="center" border="1">
			<tr>
				<td colspan="2">
					<input type="hidden" name="unumber" value=<%=stu.getId() %>>
				</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td colspan="2" align="center">修改学生信息</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>用户名:</td>
				<td>
					<input type="text" name="uname" value=<%=stu.getName() %>>
				</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>性别:</td>
					<% if(stu.getSex().equals("男")) { %>
					<td>
						<input type="radio" name="ugender" value="男" checked="checked">男
						<input type="radio" name="ugender" value="女">女
					</td>
					<% }else{ %>
					<td>
						<input type="radio" name="ugender" value="男">男
						<input type="radio" name="ugender" value="女" checked="checked">女
					</td>
					<% } %>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>专业</td>
				<td>
					<input type="text" value=<%=stu.getSpecialty() %> name="specialty">
				</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>专业</td>
				<% if(stu.getGrade().equals("大一")) { %>
				<td>
					<select name="ugrade">
						<option selected="selected">大一</option>
						<option>大二</option>
						<option>大三</option>
						<option>大四</option>
					</select>
				</td>
				
				<% }else if(stu.getGrade().equals("大二")){ %>			
				<td>
					<select name="ugrade">
						<option>大一</option>
						<option selected="selected">大二</option>
						<option>大三</option>
						<option>大四</option>
					</select>
				</td>
				<% }else if(stu.getGrade().equals("大三")){ %>			
				<td>
					<select name="ugrade">
						<option>大一</option>
						<option>大二</option>
						<option selected="selected">大三</option>
						<option>大四</option>
					</select>
				</td>
				<% }else if(stu.getGrade().equals("大四")){ %>			
				<td>
					<select name="ugrade">
						<option>大一</option>
						<option>大二</option>
						<option>大三</option>
						<option selected="selected">大四</option>
					</select>
				</td>
				<% } %>	
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td colspan="2" align="center">
					<input type="submit" value="修改">
				</td>
			</tr>
		</table>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

error.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>error</title>
</head>
<body>
	<%
		String message = (String) session.getAttribute("message");
		out.println(message);
	%>
</body>
</html>

AddServlet.java

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import bean.Student;
import db.DbConnect;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/AddServlet")
public class AddServlet extends HttpServlet{

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		resp.setContentType("text/html");
		resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
		//获得需要添加的对应字段的值
		int number = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("unumber"));
		String name = req.getParameter("uname");
		String sex = req.getParameter("ugender");
		String specialty = req.getParameter("specialty");
		String grade = req.getParameter("ugrade");
		
		//使用bean
		Student stu = new Student(name, sex, specialty, grade, number);
		//对数据库的数据进行修改
		Connection con = DbConnect.getConnection();
		//创建带有参数的SQL语句
		String sql = "INSERT INTO student(id, name, sex, specialty, grade) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
		PreparedStatement ps = null ; 
		try {
			ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
			ps.setInt(1, stu.getId());
			ps.setString(2, stu.getName());
			ps.setString(3, stu.getSex());
			ps.setString(4, stu.getSpecialty());
			ps.setString(5, stu.getGrade());
			int i = ps.executeUpdate();
			HttpSession session = req.getSession();
			//如果添加成功跳转到显示页面进行显示
			if(i==1) {
				String sql1 = "select * from student";
				ps = con.prepareStatement(sql1);
				ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
				//对于session的属性进行更新
				session.setMaxInactiveInterval(7200);
				session.setAttribute("rs", rs);
				resp.sendRedirect("loginAction.jsp");
			}else {
				//添加失败的时候进入失败页面
				session.setAttribute("message", "添加失败");
				resp.sendRedirect("error.jsp");
			}
		}catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(req, resp);
	}

}

DeleteServlet.java

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import db.DbConnect;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/DeleteServlet")
public class DeleteServlet extends HttpServlet{

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		resp.setContentType("text/html");
		resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		int id = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("id"));
		String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id = ?";
		Connection con = DbConnect.con ;
		PreparedStatement ps = null ; 
		ResultSet rs = null ; 
		HttpSession session = req.getSession() ; 
		//进行删除操作
		try {
			ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
			ps.setInt(1, id);
			int i = ps.executeUpdate() ;
			if(i==1) {
				sql = "SELECT * FROM student" ;
				ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
				rs = ps.executeQuery() ;
				//重新设置session属性
				session.setMaxInactiveInterval(7200);
				session.setAttribute("rs", rs);
				resp.sendRedirect("loginAction.jsp");
			}else {
				session.setAttribute("message", "删除失败！");
				resp.sendRedirect("error.jsp");
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(req, resp);
	}

}

EditServlet.java

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import bean.Student;
import db.DbConnect;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/EditServlet")
public class EditServlet extends HttpServlet{

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		resp.setContentType("text/html");
		resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		//获得修改后的值
		int id = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("unumber"));
		String name = req.getParameter("uname");
		String sex = req.getParameter("ugender");
		String specialty = req.getParameter("specialty");
		String grade = req.getParameter("ugrade");
		Student stu = new Student(name, sex, specialty, grade, id);
		//找到需改的信息
		String sql = "UPDATE student set name=?, sex=?, specialty=?, grade=? WHERE id = ? ";
		Connection con = DbConnect.con;
		ResultSet rs = null ; 
		PreparedStatement ps = null ;
		try {
			ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
			ps.setString(1, stu.getName());
			ps.setString(2, stu.getSex());
			ps.setString(3, stu.getSpecialty());
			ps.setString(4, stu.getGrade());
			ps.setInt(5, id);
			int i = ps.executeUpdate();
			HttpSession session = req.getSession();
			if(i==1) {
				sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
				ps = (PreparedStatement) con.prepareStatement(sql);
				rs = ps.executeQuery();
				//设置有效时长
				session.setMaxInactiveInterval(7200);
				session.setAttribute("rs", rs);
				resp.sendRedirect("loginAction.jsp");
			}else {
				resp.sendRedirect("error.jsp");
			}
		}catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(req, resp);
	}

}

LoginServer.java

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import db.DbConnect;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/LoginServer")
public class LoginServer extends HttpServlet{

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		resp.setContentType("text/html");
		resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
		
		//判断是否为管理员
		String admin = req.getParameter("admin");
		String pwd = req.getParameter("upwd");
		if(admin.equals("admin")&&pwd.equals("123")) {
			//获取数据库的连接
			Connection con = DbConnect.getConnection();
			String sql = "select * from student";
			PreparedStatement ps = null ; 
			ResultSet rs = null ; 
			try {
				ps = (PreparedStatement) con.prepareStatement(sql);
				rs = ps.executeQuery();
				//设置有效时长
				HttpSession session = req.getSession();
				session.setMaxInactiveInterval(7200);
				session.setAttribute("rs", rs);
				resp.sendRedirect("loginAction.jsp");
			}catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}else {
			resp.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
		}
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(req, resp);
	}

}

SelectServlet.java

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import bean.Student;
import db.DbConnect;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/SelectServlet")
public class SelectServlet extends HttpServlet{

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		resp.setContentType("text/html");
		resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		int id = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("id"));
		//查找需要修改的信息
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM student WHERE id = ? ";
		Connection con = DbConnect.con;
		ResultSet rs = null ; 
		PreparedStatement ps = null ;
		//为session设置属性做准备，便于传输需要的信息
		Student stu = null ; 
		try {
			ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
			ps.setInt(1, id);
			//获得结果的集合
			rs = ps.executeQuery();
			while(rs.next()) {
				String name = rs.getString("name");
				String sex = rs.getString("sex");
				String specialty = rs.getString("specialty");
				String grade = rs.getString("grade");
				stu = new Student(name, sex, specialty, grade, id);
			}
			HttpSession session = req.getSession();
			session.setAttribute("stu", stu);
			resp.sendRedirect("stuEdit.jsp");
		}catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(req, resp);
	}

}

DbConnect.java

package db;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;

public class DbConnect {
	public static Connection con;
	public static Connection getConnection() {
		try {
			//加载数据库驱动
			Class.forName("org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver").newInstance();
			//数据库的连接地址
			String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/StuManage?user=root&password=***"
					+ "&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&userSSL=true";
			//与数据库连接
			con = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
			System.out.println("数据库连接成功");
		}catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return con ;
	}
}

Student.java

package bean;

public class Student {
	private String name;
	private String sex; 
	private String specialty;
	private String grade ;
	private int id ; 
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	public Student(String name, String sex, String specialty, String grade) {
		this.name = name;
		this.sex = sex;
		this.specialty = specialty;
		this.grade = grade;
	}
	public Student(String name, String sex, String specialty, String grade, int id) {
		this.name = name;
		this.sex = sex;
		this.specialty = specialty;
		this.grade = grade;
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	
	public String getSpecialty() {
		return specialty;
	}
	public void setSpecialty(String specialty) {
		this.specialty = specialty;
	}
	
	public String getGrade() {
		return grade;
	}
	public void setGrade(String grade) {
		this.grade = grade;
	}
}

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javaWeb入门的小应用

最近在学习javaWeb，跟着书上写了一个简单的学生信息管理的小项目，虽然是照着书写的，但是其中还是有很多的值得自己思考的地方，这里就总结分享一下，期望大家可以给我提一些建议，也可以介绍一下自己的心得，有问题的也可以留言讨论一下。#简单的web学生管理系统Created with Raphaël 2.2.0index页面loginServlet增删改servlet(对应的实现功能的servl...
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