MYSQL数据库安装文档

MYSQL数据库安装文档

本文档是MYSQL-5.6.25/5.7.X MARIADB在CENTOS 6.5 64位版本上安装的文档，经过测试并没有发现问题。
安装以前先查看服务器里是否有老版本的MYSQL已经被安装了
rpm -qa |grep mysql
如果有就删除掉旧版本的MYSQL即可
rpm -e （上面那条命令得到的信息） --nodeps

一.解压 软连接 改目录名称
cd /usr/local
解压
tar xzvf mysql-5.6.25-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
改目录名称
mv mysql-5.6.25-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

二.创建目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql_data
mkdir -p /data/mysql_log
mkdir -p /data/log-bin
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data /data/mysql_log /data/log-bin
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

三.my.cnf(根据自己需求填写，以下只是个大概的例子)
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
user = mysql
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
socket = /data/mysql_data/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/mysql_data/mysql.pid
port = 3306
# MyISAM #
key_buffer_size = 1000M
myisam_recover = FORCE,BACKUP
# SAFETY #
max_allowed_packet = 16M
max_connect_errors = 1000000
skip_name_resolve
# DATA STORAGE #
datadir = /data/mysql_data/
long_query_time = 1
# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin = /data/log-bin/mysql-bin-3306
expire-logs-days = 14
sync-binlog = 1
server-id = 1
max_binlog_size = 500M
# REPLICATION #
relay-log = /data/log-bin/relay-bin-3306
slave-net-timeout = 60
# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
max_connections = 500
thread_cache_size = 50
open_files_limit = 65535
table_definition_cache = 4096
table_open_cache = 4096
# INNODB #
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 8G
# LOGGING #
log-error = /data/mysql_log/mysql-error-3306.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
slow-query-log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow-query-log-file = /data/mysql_log/mysql-slow-3306.log
# FOR SLAVE #
binlog-format = ROW
#log-slave-updates = true
#gtid-mode = on
#enforce-gtid-consistency = true
#master-info-repository = TABLE
#relay-log-info-repository = TABLE
#sync-master-info = 1
#slave-parallel-workers = 2
#binlog-checksum = CRC32
#master-verify-checksum = 1
#slave-sql-verify-checksum = 1
#binlog-rows-query-log_events = 1
#report-port = 3306
#report-host = 192.168.1.66

四.配置系统服务
cp -af /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

#############################################
vi /etc/init.d/mysqld
修改两处位置：
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql_data
#############################################
 
五.执行如下命令
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

六.初始化数据库
cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

vim /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME="/usr/local/mysql"
export PATH="$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin"
保存退出
. /etc/profile

七.启动数据库
service mysqld start

mysql

如果出现了下面的错误：
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
用下面的命令去解决，直接复制粘贴!
ln -s /data/mysql_data/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

因为有时不正常启动或关闭或TMP目录资源回收都会使得/tmp/mysql.sock文件丢失 造成ERROR 2002错误重复出现，解决方法如下
vi /etc/rc.local

rm -rf /tmp/mysql.sock
ln -s /data/mysql_data/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

MYSQL安装完成以后的配置:
mysqladmin -u root password 'root'     #修改root用户密码，如果有问题mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
mysql -u root -p     #登录mysql,需要输入密码
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'hive'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'hive' WITH GRANT OPTION;       
#允许root用户远程访问
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;     #刷新权限

删除匿名账户
UPDATE mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('your password') where user=''; 
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;